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Anaphylaxis

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Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology

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Abstract

The first description of an event similar to anaphylaxis was made at least 4,600 years ago [179]; however, only in 1765 was a fatal case reported in Europe (Chap. 17). In 1905, the first cases (one lethal) of food anaphylaxis were reported [72, 174], the subject of a book appeared in 1919 [111], and since 1926 [214] such cases have continued with an impressive frequency. The term “anaphylaxis” (from the Greek “αναϕυλαξις”, away from protection) was coined by Portier and Richet in 1902 during a Mediterranean voyage [156] to define the paradoxical effect of an experimental protocol. While attempting to immunize dogs to the venom of the sea anemone, after the first nonlethal tolerated dose, they unwillingly sensitized the animals with the second dose injected after 2 weeks, either equal to or less than the previous dose, and noted that the dogs exhibited severe manifestations, even lethal. Therefore the first injection sensitizes the animal, provoking synthesis of IgE antibodies; after a latent period for sensitization, re-exposure to the inciting allergen triggers within a few minutes the very severe clinical manifestations called anaphylactic shock, the reverse result of the prophylaxis envisaged by the scientists [156].

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(2008). Anaphylaxis. In: Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33395-1_20

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