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Combustion Diagnostics

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Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Combustion processes consist of a complex multidimensional interaction between fluid mechanics and chemical kinetics. A comprehensive experimental analysis needs therefore measurements of flow and scalar fields. These measurements need to be performed in-situ with high temporal and spatial resolution as well as high accuracy and precision. In addition, any disturbances during the measurement should be avoided. These requirements are fulfilled best by laser-optical techniques. Whereas flow fields are commonly measured by methods like laser Doppler or particle imaging velocimetry discussed elsewhere, the focus of this chapter is on scalar measurements based on spectroscopy. Scalars of interest are temperatures, chemical species concentrations, or rate of mixing between fuel and oxidant. Following an introduction, Sect. 20.3 presents the interconnection between experimental analysis and numerical simulation of combustion processes. In Sect. 20.4, various spectroscopic techniques are described exemplary in their application to different fields of combustion research. The chapter concludes with aspects on future developments in combustion diagnostics.

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Abbreviations

3-D:

three-dimensional

ADC:

analog-to-digital converter

BBO:

Basset–Boussinesq–Oseen

CARS:

coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

CARS:

coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy

CCD:

charge-coupled device

CFD:

computational fluid dynamic

CMD:

count mean diameter

CMD:

count median diameter

CRDLAS:

cavity-ring-down laser-absorption spectroscopy

DAS:

direct absorption spectroscopy

DBR:

distributed Bragg reflector

DFB:

distributed feedback

DFG:

difference-frequency generation

DFWM:

degenerate four-wave mixing

DL:

diode laser

DNS:

direct numerical simulation

EGR:

exhaust gas recirculation

ELIF:

excimer-laser-induced fragmentation

FARLIF:

fuel–air ratio by laser-induced fluorescence

FFT:

fast Fourier transform

FIR:

far-infrared

FMS:

frequency modulation spectroscopy

IC:

initial condition

IC:

internal combustion

ICCD:

intensified CCD

LAS:

laser absorption spectroscopy

LDV:

laser Doppler velocimetry

LES:

large-eddy simulation

LIF:

laser-induced fluorescence

LII:

laser-induced incandescence

MDA:

minimum detectable absorption

NIR:

near-infrared

Nd:YAG:

neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet

OH:

hydroxide,weg

OPG:

optical parametric generation

OPO:

optical parametric oscillator

PAH:

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

PDA:

phase Doppler anemometry

PDE:

partial differential equations

PDF:

probability density function

PIV:

particle image velocimetry

PLIF:

planar laser-induced fluorescence

PS:

polarization spectroscopy

RANS:

Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations

RELIEF:

Raman excitation plus laser-induced electronic fluorescence

REMPI:

resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization

SCR:

selective catalytic reduction

SFG:

sum-frequency generation

SHG:

second-harmonic generation

SI:

spark ignition

SNCR:

selective non-catalytic reduction

TDC:

top dead center

TDLAS:

tunable diode laser absorption

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

TR:

time resolution

UV:

ultraviolet

VCSEL:

vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

WMS:

wavelength modulation spectroscopy

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Verbrennung und Gasdynamik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany

    Christof Schulz Dr.

  2. Fachgebiet für Energie- und Kraftwerkstechnik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 30, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany

    Andreas Dreizler Dr.

  3. Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Volker Ebert Prof.

  4. Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Jürgen Wolfrum Prof.

Authors
  1. Christof Schulz Dr.
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  2. Andreas Dreizler Dr.
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  3. Volker Ebert Prof.
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  4. Jürgen Wolfrum Prof.
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Christof Schulz Dr. , Andreas Dreizler Dr. , Volker Ebert Prof. or Jürgen Wolfrum Prof. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fachgebiet Strömungslehre und Aerodynamik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 30, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany

    Cameron Tropea Dr.

  2. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor St., 60607-7022, Chicago, IL, USA

    Alexander L. Yarin Dr.

  3. Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, A118 Engineering Research Complex, 48824-1326, East Lansing, MI, USA

    John F. Foss Dr.

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© 2007 Springer-Verlag

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Schulz, C., Dreizler, A., Ebert, V., Wolfrum, J. (2007). Combustion Diagnostics. In: Tropea, C., Yarin, A.L., Foss, J.F. (eds) Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30299-5_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30299-5_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-25141-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30299-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

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