Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security

SAFECOMP 2018: Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security pp 188–202Cite as

Dependability Analysis of the AFDX Frame Management Design

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

  • 2565 Accesses

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 11093))

Abstract

Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) is an implementation of the ARINC 664 specification, which defines the electrical and protocol specifications for data exchange between Computer Systems. AFDX implements extensions on standard Ethernet to achieve a deterministic and fault-tolerant network, which is demonstrated through its frame management design. AFDX, like other emerging time-critical Ethernet-based standards, has potential for use in other critical industries, such as nuclear power plants. This would provide an additional option by which industry players can leverage the speed and ubiquity of Ethernet, with the added benefit of services to support highest safety requirements. However, considering that the nuclear industry continues to be a prime target for advanced security threats, it is imperative to demonstrate what protection AFDX offers, as well as what additional attack surface it may introduce. For this paper, the basic taxonomy of dependable and secure computing is used to conduct a dependability analysis of the AFDX frame management design. An OMNeT++ model simulation of an AFDX network is used to demonstrate potential attacks. Considerations for solutions for a robust AFDX specification are proposed for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Aeronautical Radio Inc. (ARINC). Specification 664: aircraft data network, part 7 – deterministic networks, 23 September 2009

    Google Scholar 

  2. Thirumeni, P., Ghoshhajra, M., Ananda C.M.: Lessons learned in software implementation of ARINC 664 protocol stack in Linux. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Circuits, Communication, Control and Computing (I4C) (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  3. AIM GmbH. AFDX training: AFDX workshop, October 2010. http://www.afdx.com/pdf/AFDX_Training_October_2010_Full.pdf. Accessed 25 Feb 2018

  4. GE Fanuc. Embedded systems AFDX/ARINC 664 protocol tutorial, January 2011. http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~a2-lenz/n-gunton/worksheets/AFDX_Tutorial_WP.pdf. Accessed 25 Feb 2018

  5. IEEE. IEEE Std 1722-2016: (revision of IEEE Std 1722-2011) - IEEE standard for a transport protocol for time-sensitive applications in bridged local area networks, 16 December 2016

    Google Scholar 

  6. TTTech. TTEthernet theory and concepts, 27 August 2015. http://etr2015.irisa.fr/images/presentations/TTEthernet_ETR_2015_Rennes.pdf. Accessed 22 Feb 2018

  7. Avizienis, A., Laprie, J., Randell, B., Landwehr, C.: Basic concepts and taxonomy of dependable and secure computing. IEEE Trans. Dependable Comput. 1(1), 11–33 (2004). http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1335465/. Accessed 01 Mar 2018

  8. Anand, M., Dajani-Brown, S., Vestal, S., Lee, I.: Formal modeling and analysis of the AFDX frame management design. In: Proceedings of 9th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC 2006), pp. 393–399 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Saha, I., Roy, S.: A finite state modeling of AFDX frame management using spin. In: Brim, L., Haverkort, B., Leucker, M., van de Pol, J. (eds.) FMICS 2006. LNCS, vol. 4346, pp. 227–243. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70952-7_15

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Song, D., Zeng, X., Ding, L., Hu, Q.: The design and implementation of the AFDX network simulation system. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT) (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Tripwire: Insider threats as the main security threat in 2017. https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/security-data-protection/insider-threats-main-security-threat-2017/. Accessed 22 Feb 2018

  12. Dury, S: Employees still the biggest threat to enterprise security. https://www.digicert.com/blog/employees-still-the-biggest-threat-to-enterprise-security/. Accessed 22 Feb 2018

  13. van Zadelhoff, M.: The biggest cybersecurity threats are inside your company. https://hbr.org/2016/09/the-biggest-cybersecurity-threats-are-inside-your-company. Accessed 22 Feb 2018

  14. Saglietti, F., Meitner, M., von Wardenburg, L., Richthammer, V.: Analysis of informed attacks and appropriate countermeasures for cyber-physical systems. In: Skavhaug, A., Guiochet, J., Schoitsch, E., Bitsch, F. (eds.) SAFECOMP 2016. LNCS, vol. 9923, pp. 222–233. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45480-1_18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Rejeb, N., Ben Salem, A.K., Ben Saoud, B.: AFDX simulation based on TTEthernet model under OMNeT++. In: Proceedings of 2017 International Conference on Advanced Systems and Electric Technologies (IC ASET), pp. 423–429 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Varga, A., Hornig, R.: Avionics full-duplex switched Ethernet model for OMNeT++, 20 February 2012. https://github.com/omnetpp/afdx. Accessed 05 Mar 2018

  17. Simulcraft, Inc.: OMNEST - OMNeT++ comparison. https://omnest.com/comparison.php. Accessed 05 Mar 2018

  18. Simulcraft, Inc. Performance modeling library. https://omnest.com/queueinglib.php. Accessed 05 Mar 2018

  19. Parekh, M., Gao, Y., Gupta, D., Luschmann, C.: OPANSec – security integrity monitoring for controllers. In: Proceedings of 46, Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik, pp. 547–557 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Khemissa, H., Tandjaouiy, D.: A lightweight authentication scheme for e-health applications in the context of Internet of Things. In: Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies, pp. 90–95 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Fouda, M.M, Fadlullah, Z.M., Kao, N., Lu, R., Shen, X.: Towards a light-weight message authentication mechanism tailored for smart grid communications. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), pp. 1018–1023 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mundhenk, P., Steinhorst, S., Lukasiewycz, M., Fahmy, S., Suhaib, A., Chakraborty, S.: Lightweight authentication for secure automotive networks. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe, pp. 1–4 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Paar, C., Pelzl, J.: Understanding Cryptography: A Textbook for Students and Practitioners, pp. 319–330. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04101-3

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Charara, H., Scharbarg, J.-L., Ermont, J., Fraboul, C.: Methods for bounding end-to-end delays on an AFDX network. In: Proceedings of the 18th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, Washington, D.C., USA, pp. 193–202 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Some of the addressed topics are being elaborated as part of AREVA GmbH’s participation in the “SMARTEST” R&D (2015–2018) with German University partners, partially funded by German Ministry BMWi.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Framatome GmbH, Erlangen, Germany

    Venesa Watson & Mahlet Bejiga

  2. University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany

    Venesa Watson

  3. Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

    Mahlet Bejiga

Authors
  1. Venesa Watson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mahlet Bejiga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Venesa Watson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden

    Barbara Gallina

  2. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

    Amund Skavhaug

  3. Thales Deutschland GmbH, Ditzingen, Germany

    Friedemann Bitsch

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Watson, V., Bejiga, M. (2018). Dependability Analysis of the AFDX Frame Management Design. In: Gallina, B., Skavhaug, A., Bitsch, F. (eds) Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security. SAFECOMP 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11093. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99130-6_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99130-6_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99129-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99130-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation