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Antibiotics in Emergency General Surgery

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Emergency General Surgery

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Abstract

Emergency general surgery patients are at risk for a variety of primary or secondary infectious complications. Clinicians must have a balanced approach to antibiotic therapy to ensure successful eradication of infections while minimizing the risk for propagating antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this chapter is to review principles and recent advances for the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections, including diagnosis, antibiotic principles, specific antibiotic agents, approach to antibiotic therapy, drug toxicity, and multidrug resistance.

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Abbreviations

ADR:

Adverse drug reaction

AMG:

Aminoglycoside

AUC:

Area under the curve

CDI:

Clostridium difficile infection

Cmax:

Peak drug concentration

CMS:

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

CNS:

Central nervous system

CrCl:

Creatinine clearance

CRE:

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

ESBL:

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

FLQ:

Fluoroquinolones

GI:

Gastrointestinal

GNR:

Gram-negative rod

ICU:

Intensive care unit

IV:

Intravenous

KPC:

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase

MAOI:

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

MDRO:

Multidrug-resistant organism

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

MRSA:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

MSSA:

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

PAE:

Post-antibiotic effect

PBP:

Penicillin-binding protein

PCN:

Penicillin

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PD:

Pharmacodynamics

PK:

Pharmacokinetics

SMX:

Sulfamethoxazole

SrCr:

Serum creatinine

T > MIC:

Time above minimum inhibitory concentration

TMP:

Trimethoprim

UA:

Urinalysis

UTI:

Urinary tract infection

Vd:

Volume of distribution

VISA:

Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus

VRE:

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Dell Seton Medical Center at the University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA

    Mitchell J. Daley, Emily K. Hodge & Dusten T. Rose

Authors
  1. Mitchell J. Daley
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  2. Emily K. Hodge
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  3. Dusten T. Rose
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mitchell J. Daley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Carlos V. R. Brown

  2. Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Kenji Inaba

  3. Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA

    Matthew J. Martin

  4. Brigham and Womens’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Ali Salim

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Daley, M.J., Hodge, E.K., Rose, D.T. (2019). Antibiotics in Emergency General Surgery. In: Brown, C., Inaba, K., Martin, M., Salim, A. (eds) Emergency General Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96286-3_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96286-3_4

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