Definition
Conflict-Affected Areas (CAAs) are those areas where conflict is dominant and has an adverse effect on human lives. CAA can be a region, an area within a country, or an area that spreads across the national boundary of two or more countries. However, there is no common definition of a CAA. Sometimes, CAAs are also identified as high-risk areas. CAAs can be identified by their widespread violence, prevalence of armed conflict, or insurrection that severely hampers the socio-economic and cultural growth of that area. Also, CAAs have two dimensions common everywhere: First it has a problem of ongoing conflict, and second it has a postconflict situation to tackle. The source of conflict can be over the control of territory, resources, ethnicity, sectarian politics, or the government policies. According to the United Nations, world conflict and violence are on the rise and conflicts are often becoming fragmented into several groups, creating complex polar disturbances. Under such...
References
BBC (2019) Rawanda genocide: 100 days of slaughter. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26875506. Accessed 30th Aug 2020
Billon LP (2005) Fuelling War Natural Resources and Armed Conflicts, Routlage, London
Brown ME (1993) Ethnic Conflict and International Security. Princeton University Press, New Jersey
Cambridge Online Dictionary (2020) Meaning of the term Conflict. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/conflict. Accessed on 12 Aug 2020
Cooper Tony HHA (2003) What is conflict. J Police Crisis Negot 3(1):85–100. https://doi.org/10.1300/J173v03n01_06
Coser AL (1957) Functions of Social Conflict. Routlage, New York
European Commission (2020) Conflict Mineral Regulation. https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/in-focus/conflict-minerals-regulation/regulationexplained/#countries. Accessed 23 Aug 2020
For Syria. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868
Galtung Johan (2007) Introduction: peace by peaceful conflict transformation – the TRANSCEND approach. In Charles Webel and Johan Galtung (eds) Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies, Routlage, New York
Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian law and Human Rights (2013) Due Diligence: Defining ‘Conflict-Affected’ and ‘High-Risk Areas’. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Business/ForumSession2/Events/3Dec.1.SideEventProposal_GenevaAcademy.pdf. Accesed 23 Aug 2020
Global Report on Internal Displacement (2019) https://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019/. Accessed 3 Sep 2020
Horowitz DL (1985) Ethnic Groups in Ethnic Conflict. University of California Press, London
Human Rights Watch (2019) Are we not Humans?. https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/12/03/are-we-not-human/denial-education-rohingya-refugee-childrenbangladesh. Accessed 2 Sep 2020
Human Rights Watch (2020a) Afghanistan events in 2019. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/afghanista. Accessed on 31st Aug 2020
Human Rights Watch (2020b) Isreal and Palestine events of 2019. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/israel/palestine. Accessed 2 September 2020
https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1000/RR1063/RAND_RR1063.pdf
International Committee of the Red Cross (2008) How is the Term “Armed Conflict” Defined in International Humanitarian Law?. Opinion paper. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/opinion-paper-armed-conflict.pdf. Accessed 23 July 2020
International Committee of the Red Cross (2012) Child soldiers and Other Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/icrc-002-0824.pdf. Accessed 25 Aug 2020
International Committee for Red Cross (2012) Child soldiers [WWW document]. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/icrc-002-0824.pdf. Accessed 4 Aug 2020
International Monetary Fund (2019) Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook: Recovery Amid Elevated Uncertainty, Regional Economic Outlook. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/REO/SSA/Issues/2019/04/01/sreo0419#ch2. Accessed 3 Sep 2020
Iraq Body Count (2020) Database. https://www.iraqbodycount.org/database/. Accessed 2 Sep 2020
Jeong H-W (2010) Conflict Management and Resolution: An Introduction. Routlage, New York
Koning de R (2008) Resource–conflict links in Sierra Leone and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security No.2008/2. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/insight/SIPRIInsight0802.pdf. Accessed 24 Aug 2020
Les Roberts et al (2001) https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/4652/3741.pdf?sequence=1
Oberschall A (1978) Theories of social conflict. Annu Rev Sociol 4:291–315
OECD (2011) OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264111110-en
Ramsbotham O (2005) The analysis of protracted social conflict: a tribute to Edward Azar Review of International Studies 30(1):109–126
Rohingya.edu. https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/12/03/are-we-not-human/denial-education-rohingya-refugee-children-bangladesh
Suan HKK (2007) Can Deep Differences be Accommodated? 4th International Conference on Federalism, Unity in Diversity – Learning from each other, Forum of Federations, 5th-8th Nov 2007, New Delhi
Szayna ST, O’Mahony A, Kavanagh J, Watts S, Frederick B, Norlen CT, Voorhies P (2017) Conflict trends and Conflict Drivers: An Empirical Assessment of Historical Conflict Patterns and Future Conflict Projections. Research report. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1000/RR1063/RAND_RR1063.pdf. Accessed 30 June 2020
The Heidelberg Institute of International Conflict Research (2020) Conflict Barometer. https://hiik.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ConflictBarometer_2019_4.pdf. Accessed 4 Aug 2020
The Newsweek (2018) What Is Nakba Day? Israel Prepares to Face Thousands of Palestinian Protesters. https://www.newsweek.com/what-nakba-day-israelprepares-face-thousands-palestinian-protesters-926464#:~:text=Israel%20Prepares%20to%20Face%20Thousands%20of%20Palestinian%20Protesters,-By%20David%20Brennan&text=This%20year%20marks%20the%2070th,was%20founded%20in%20May%201948. Accessed 12th Aug 2020
The Telegraph (2015) Who are the Rohingya boat people? https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/burmamyanmar/11620933/Who-are-the-Rohingyaboat-people.html. Accessed 31st Aug 2020
The Uppsala Conflict Data Programme (2020) UCPD Definitions, Department of Peace and Conflict Research. https://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/definitions/. Accessed 2 Aug 2020
Time (2017) These 5 Border Disputes Are Still Causing Trouble. https://time.com/4858388/border-disputes-iraq-syria-china-india/. Accessed 25th Aug 2020
United Nations (2020) Refugees. https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/refugees/. Accessed 4 Sep 2020
United Nations Development Programme (2020). Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/peace-justice/. Accessed 4 July 2020.
United Nations Global Compact (2020) Do Business while advancing Peace. https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/our-work/governance/peace. Accessed 23 Aug 2020
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2020a) 1 per cent of humanity displaced: UNHCR Global Trends report. https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/6/5ee9db2e4/1-cent-humanity-displaced-unhcr-global-trends-report.html. Accessed on 15th Aug 2020
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2020b) Rohingya Refugee Crisis. https://www.unrefugees.org/emergencies/rohingya/. Accessed 30 Aug 2020
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2020c) Internally Displaced Person. https://www.unhcr.org/sy/internally-displacedpeople#:~:text=As%20citizens%2C%20they%20retain%20all,pace%20of%20displacement%20remains%20relentless. Accessed 30 Aug 2020
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (2020a) Immunization and Conflict. https://www.unicef.org/immunization/immunization-and-conflict. Accessed 3 Sep 2020
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (2020b) Education, every child in school. https://www.unicef.org/iraq/what-we-do/education. Accessed 3 Sep 2020
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2019) Humanitarian need overview, Syrian Arab republic. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/2019_Syr_HNO_Full.pdf. Accessed 2 Sep 2020
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2020) Data on Casualties. https://www.ochaopt.org/data/casualties. Accessed 1 Sep 2020
UNICEF (2020) https://www.unicef.org/immunization/immunization-and-conflict
UNOCHR Syria (2020) https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/2019_Syr_HNO_Full.pdf
Varshney A (2007) Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict. In Carles Biox, & Susan C. Stokes (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politic. Oxford University Press, UK
Vasquez AJ, Valeriano B (2009) Territory as a Source of Conflict and a Road to Peace. In Jacob Bercovitch, Victor Kremenyuk & I William Zartman (eds) The Sage Handbook of Conflict Resolution. Sage Publication, London
Wright Q (1957) International conflict and the United Nations. World Polit 10:24–48. https://doi.org/10.2307/2009223
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Bose, S., Kumar, A. (2021). Conflict-Affected Areas and Sustainable Development Goal 16. In: Leal Filho, W., Marisa Azul, A., Brandli, L., Lange Salvia, A., Özuyar, P.G., Wall, T. (eds) Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95960-3_66
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95960-3_66
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-95959-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-95960-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences