Definitions
Water protection at source, or “source water protection,” generally refers to measures aimed at preventing the pollution and degradation of surface and groundwater bodies used as sources of public drinking water supply. Although many source water protection measures aim at the holistic preservation of freshwater bodies, the primary goal with such activities is to preserve water quality. Because the quality of freshwater can be affected by diverse natural processes and human activities from both point and diffuse sources, source water protection measures vary widely in type and scale. They can include measures aimed at preventing hazardous activities in source water areas; at minimizing the release of pollutants from nearby sources; and at preventing released pollutants from reaching source water bodies. Actions can range from punctual activities, such as the installation of septic...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abell R, Myers A, Snow M (2017) Beyond the Source: The Environmental, Economic and Community Benefits of Source Water Protection. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, USA. https://thought-leadership-production.s3.amazonaws.com/2017/08/15/13/08/06/94ed694b-95aa-457d-a9d0-4d8695cfaddc/Beyond_The_Source_Full_Report_FinalV4.pdf
Abers RN (2007) Organizing for governance: building collaboration in Brazilian river basins. World Dev 35:1450–1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.04.008
Al-Qubatee W, Ritzema H, Al-Weshali A, van Steenbergen F, Hellegers PJGJ (2017) Participatory rural appraisal to assess groundwater resources in Al-Mujaylis, Tihama coastal plain, Yemen. Water Int 42:810–830. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2017.1356997
Al-Saidi M, Buriti R (2019) Ecosystem infrastructure for sustainability: revaluating nature through community-based water and land policies in Brazil. In: Bonnedahl KJ, Heikkurinen P (eds) Strongly sustainable societies: organising human activities on a hot and full earth. Routledge, London, New York, NY, pp 99–115
Amick RS, Burgess EH (2000) Exfiltration in Sewer Systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/2000E6PB.PDF?Dockey=2000E6PB.PDF
Baird J, Plummer R, Morris S, Mitchell S, Rathwell K (2014) Enhancing source water protection and watershed management: lessons from the case of the New Brunswick water classification initiative. Can Water Res J 39:49–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2013.872872
Brauman KA (2015) Hydrologic ecosystem services: linking ecohydrologic processes to human well-being in water research and watershed management. WIREs Water 2:345–358. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1081
Buriti R (2016) POLICYMAKERS’ DILEMMA: lessons from Mariana. D+C Development and Cooperation, p 32. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26962.79041
CCME (2004) From source to tap: Guidance on the multi-barrier approach to safe drinking water. https://www.ccme.ca/files/Resources/water/source_tap/mba_guidance_doc_e.pdf
Gartner JM, Schmidt R, Gunn J (2013) Natural Infrastructures. Investing in Forested Landscapes for Source Water Protection in the United States. World Resources Institute, Washington. https://files.wri.org/s3fs-public/wri13_report_4c_naturalinfrastructure_v2.pdf
Gullick RW (2003) AWWA’s source water protection committee outlines how to maintain the highest quality source water. J Am Water Works Assoc 95:36–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2003.tb10480.x
Gullick RW (2014) Source water protection: perspectives of the past, present, and future. J Am Water Works Assoc 106:164–174. https://doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0111
Islam N, Sadiq R, Rodriguez MJ, Francisque A (2011) Reviewing source water protection strategies: a conceptual model for water quality assessment. Environ Rev 19:68–105. https://doi.org/10.1139/a11-001
Islam N, Sadiq R, Rodriguez MJ, Francisque A (2013) Evaluation of source water protection strategies: a fuzzy-based model. J Environ Manag 121:191–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.022
Ivey JL, de LR, Kreutzwiser R, Ferreyra C (2006) An institutional perspective on local capacity for source water protection. Geoforum 37:944–957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.05.001
Jain CK, Singh S (2019) Best management practices for agricultural nonpoint source pollution: policy interventions and way forward. World Water Policy 5:207–228. https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2.12015
Jones JAA, Hakopian C, Vardanian TG (2009) Threats to global water security. NATO science for peace and security series C. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht
Krewski D, Balbus J, Butler-Jones D, Haas C, Isaac-Renton J, Roberts K, Sinclair M (2004) Managing the microbiological risks of drinking water. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 67:1591–1617. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390490491909
Kümmerer K, Dionysiou DD, Olsson O, Fatta-Kassinos D (2018) A path to clean water. Science 361:222–224. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau2405
Kümmerer K, Dionysiou DD, Olsson O, Fatta-Kassinos D (2019) Reducing aquatic micropollutants - increasing the focus on input prevention and integrated emission management. Sci Total Environ 652:836–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.219
Lapworth DJ, Baran N, Stuart ME, Ward RS (2012) Emerging organic contaminants in groundwater: a review of sources, fate and occurrence. Environ Pollut 163:287–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.034
Murphy F, Ewins C, Carbonnier F, Quinn B (2016) Wastewater treatment works (WwTW) as a source of microplastics in the aquatic environment. Environ Sci Technol 50:5800–5808. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05416
Murray D, Plummer R, Michaels S, de LRC (2016) Policy transfer among regional-level organizations: insights from source water protection in Ontario. Environ Manag 58:31–47
Nawaz T, Sengupta S (2019) Contaminants of emerging concern: occurrence, fate, and remediation. In: Ahuja S (ed) Advances in water purification techniques: meeting the needs of developed and developing countries, 1st edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 67–114
NRC (2000) Watershed management for potable water supply: assessing the New York City strategy. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C
Pahl-Wostl C (2015) Water governance in the face of global change: from understanding to transformation, Water governance - concepts, methods, and practice, 1st edn. Springer, Cham
Palaniappan M, Gleick PH, Allen PH, Cohen MJ, Christian-Smith J, Smith C (2019) Clearing the Waters: A Focus on Water Quality Solutions. UNEP Pacific Institute, Oakland, California
Patrick R, Kreutzwiser R, de Loë R (2008) Factors facilitating and constraining source water protection in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. Can Water Res J 33:39–54. https://doi.org/10.4296/cwrj3301039
Patrick RJ (2008) Source water protection for nonmetropolitan drinking water operators in British Columbia, Canada. J Rural Commun Dev:64–78
Pires M (2004) Watershed protection for a world city: the case of New York. Land Use Policy 21:161–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2003.08.001
Plummer R, de GD, de LR, Velaniškis J (2011) Probing the integration of land use and watershed planning in a shifting governance regime. Water Resour Res 47. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010213
Reid WV (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis; a report of the millennium ecosystem assessment. Island Press, Washington, DC
Ribeiro FM, Kruglianskas I (2015) Principles of environmental regulatory quality: a synthesis from literature review. J Clean Prod 96:58–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.047
Ritzema H, Froebrich J, Raju R, Sreenivas C, Kselik R (2010) Using participatory modelling to compensate for data scarcity in environmental planning: a case study from India. Environ Model Softw 25:1450–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.03.010
Robbins RW, Glicker JL, Bloem DM, Niss BM (1991) Effective watershed management for surface water supplies. J Am Water Works Assoc 83:34–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1991.tb07263.x
Savage J, Ribaudo M (2016) Improving the efficiency of voluntary water quality conservation programs. Land Econ 92:148–166. https://doi.org/10.3368/le.92.1.148
Schmoll O (ed) (2006) Protecting groundwater for health: managing the quality of drinking-water sources. WHO drinking-water quality series. IWA, London
SDWA (1997) Final guidance. In: State source water assessment and protection programs. http://www.epa.gov/safewater/sourcewater/pubs/swpguidance.pdf
Simms G, Lightman D, de Löe R (2010) Tools and Approaches for Source Water Protection in Canada. Governance for Source Water Protection in Canada, Report No. 1. Waterloo, ON: Water Policy and Governance Group
Sklenar K, Sham CH (2012) Source Water Protection Vision and Roadmap. Water Research Foundation. https://aquadoc.typepad.com/files/4176b_swp_vision_roadmap.pdf
Smith VH, Schindler DW (2009) Eutrophication science: where do we go from here? Trends Ecol Evol (Amst) 24:201–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.11.009
von Sperling M, Chernicharo CAL (2005) Biological wastewater treatment in warm climate regions. IWA Publishing, London
Stenström TA, Seidu R, Ekane N, Zurbrügg C (2011) Microbial exposure and health assessments in sanitation technologies and systems. Stockholm Environment Institute EcoSanRes Series, Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm
Thorburn PJ, Biggs JS, Weier KL, Keating BA (2003) Nitrate in groundwaters of intensive agricultural areas in coastal northeastern Australia. Agric Ecosyst Environ 94:49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00018-X
Timmer DK, de LRC, Kreutzwiser RD (2007) Source water protection in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia: lessons for building local capacity. Land Use Policy 24:187–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2005.05.005
UN (2010) International Decade for Action ‘Water for Life’ 2005–2015.: Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 28 July 2010. 64/292: The human right to water and sanitation. https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml. Accessed 27 July 2020
UN (2016) Sustainable development goal 6. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/. Accessed 27 July 2020
UNESCO (2009) World Water Assessment Programme. The United Nations World Water Development Report 3: Water in a Changing World. Paris: UNESCO, and London: Earthscan
Valois AE, Milne JR, Heath MW, Davies-Colley RJ, Martin E, Stott R (2020) Community volunteer assessment of recreational water quality in the Hutt River, Wellington. N Z J Mar Freshw Res 54:200–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2019.1700136
Vörösmarty CJ, McIntyre PB, Gessner MO, Dudgeon D, Prusevich A, Green P, Glidden S, Bunn SE, Sullivan CA, Liermann CR, Davies PM (2010) Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity. Nature 467:555–561. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09440
WHO (2016) Protecting surface water for health: identifying, assessing and managing drinking-water quality risks in surface-water catchments. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/246196
WHO (2020) Drinking water - key facts. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water. Accessed 22 July 2020
Wu Y, Liu J, Shen R, Fu B (2017) Mitigation of nonpoint source pollution in rural areas: from control to synergies of multi ecosystem services. Sci Total Environ 607-608:1376–1380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.105
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Buriti, R. (2022). Water Quality and Protection at Source. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A.M., Brandli, L., Lange Salvia, A., Wall, T. (eds) Clean Water and Sanitation. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95846-0_110
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95846-0_110
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-95845-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-95846-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences