Synonyms
Florid follicular hyperplasia; Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia; Reactive follicular hyperplasia
Definition
Follicular hyperplasia is an increase in the number of secondary follicles (those follicles containing germinal centers) per unit area/volume of lymphoid tissue. The increase in number is often accompanied by an increase in the size of follicles, which may also show irregularities in shape. Follicular hyperplasia is one pattern out of multiple possible patterns of reactive change that can be seen in activated lymphoid tissues secondary to causes such as infection or autoimmune disease: other patterns include paracortical hyperplasia, granulomatous lymphadenitis, and sinus histiocytosis. Oftentimes, a specific cause of immunologic activation will produce a mixture of multiple patterns. However, certain etiologies are associated with a predominantly follicular pattern. These include early bacterial infections, early HIV infection, Castleman disease, syphilis, rheumatoid...
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References and Further Reading
Berget, E., Helgeland, L., Molven, A., et al. (2011). Detection of clonality in follicular lymphoma using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples and BIOMED-2 immunoglobulin primers. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 64(1), 37–41.
Elenitoba-Johnson, K. S., Bohling, S. D., Mitchell, R. S., et al. (2000). PCR analysis of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in polyclonal processes can yield pseudoclonal bands as an artifact of low B cell number. Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, 2(2), 92–96.
Kussick, S. J., Kalnoski, M., Braziel, R. M., et al. (2004). Prominent clonal B-cell populations identified by flow cytometry in histologically reactive lymphoid proliferations. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 121(4), 464–472.
Liu, Q., Salaverria, I., Pittaluga, S., et al. (2013). Follicular lymphomas in children and young adults: A comparison of the pediatric variant with usual follicular lymphoma. American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 37(3), 333–343.
Louissaint, A., Jr., Ackerman, A. M., Dias-Santagata, D., et al. (2012). Pediatric-type nodal follicular lymphoma: An indolent clonal proliferation in children and adults with high proliferation index and no BCL2 rearrangement. Blood, 120(12), 2395–2404.
Villa, N., Redaelli, S., Lissoni, S., et al. (2014). Lymph node hyperplasia: Clonal chromosomal and genomic rearrangements. Report of two new cases and literature review. Cancer Genetics, 207(1-2), 12–18.
Weiss, L. M., & O’Malley, D. (2013). Benign lymphadenopathies. Modern Pathology, 26(Suppl. 1), S88–S96.
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Chou, D.B., Hasserjian, R.P. (2020). Follicular Hyperplasia. In: Molina, T.J. (eds) Hematopathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95309-0_1912
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95309-0_1912
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