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Genomic-Assisted Breeding in Oilseed Brassicas

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Biotechnologies of Crop Improvement, Volume 3

Abstract

The oilseed brassicas, world’s third most important source of vegetable oil with recently gained interest as a source of biodiesel, occupy a prominent place in the world’s agrarian economy and are grown in more than 50 countries across the globe. Improvement in nutritional profiling of Brassica oil and its defatted oil cake has vastly spread the production domain of rapeseed-mustard in the world. Consistent breeding efforts led to conversion of almost all Brassica napus into present-day canola-quality cultivars, and intensification of this quality trait in Brassica juncea too is leading its expansion in drier and low rainfall areas of the world. The good agronomic performance and the energetic balance of Brassica carinata in semiarid temperate climate and under low cropping system have generated a new interest in this species as an oilseed crop. Though, a young species with a short domestication history, Brassica napus has gained a huge attention of researchers and consequently, has witnessed a steady progress during last four decades. The conventional breeding as well as modern biotechnological tools has led to the improvement of various agronomically important quantitative and qualitative characters in oilseed brassicas.

Arabidopsis, the closest relatives of Brassica species, besides evolutionary divergence, offers great potential for genetic and physical comparative mapping to identify genomic regions harboring genes of interest and to accelerate marker development, map-based gene cloning, and candidate gene identification in Brassica crops. Multinational Brassica Genome Project, initiated in January 2003, has given great impetus to the Brassica genomic research, and thereafter, availability of genome sequence information has allowed the construction of high-resolution genetic maps, delineating QTLs underlying complex quantitative economic traits and their conversion in perfect markers, and to tag genes of commercial interest. In spite of the difficulties in QTL localization in these polyploid crops, trait-associated genetic markers have been identified for yield component traits, fatty acid composition controlling domains and for a couple of biotic and abiotic stresses for applications in Brassica molecular breeding. Though, consistent improvement for productivity, oil content, oil quality and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in Oilseed brassicas has been achieved but synchronous maturity, stable and practically viable male sterility systems for hybrid development, shattering resistance in B. napus, defined and efficient DH production systems, and harnessing the potential as biodiesel crops are upcoming areas of research through combination of traditional and genomic approaches.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India

    Surinder K. Sandhu

  2. PAU-Regional Research Station, Faridkot, Punjab, India

    Gurpreet Singh

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  1. Surinder K. Sandhu
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  2. Gurpreet Singh
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Correspondence to Surinder K. Sandhu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Satbir Singh Gosal

  2. Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

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Sandhu, S.K., Singh, G. (2018). Genomic-Assisted Breeding in Oilseed Brassicas. In: Gosal, S., Wani, S. (eds) Biotechnologies of Crop Improvement, Volume 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94746-4_14

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