Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sweden: The Otherization of the Descendants of Immigrants

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education

Abstract

This chapter offers a systematic review of the literature on educational inequality and school attainments of immigrants’ offspring in Sweden. The review covers research conducted between 1990 and 2015 and critically examines how different research traditions explain this inequality. The chapter begins by mapping the key characteristics of the Swedish educational system together with Swedish immigration patterns. Thereafter, five major research traditions that explain educational inequality and ethnic background in Sweden are presented. These perspectives include (1) political arithmetic; (2) racism and discrimination; (3) language proficiency tradition; (4) school choice and school segregation; and (5) cultural and social capital and socio-historical contexts. The ‘political arithmetic’ tradition, which starts mainly from a positivistic approach and employs large-scale, quantitative research strategies, has focused on the individual and demographic characteristics of pupils. The main assumption of the other research clusters is that there are important contextual circumstances (beyond individual factors) which decisively affect the educational achievements of the descendants of immigrants. While often dominated by qualitative approaches, these types of research do sometimes include quantitatively designed studies. These research traditions take a more critical stance on government policies, which have produced an extremely segregated school system, and show the consequences of a concentration of children of families from vulnerable groups (economically disadvantaged and immigrant groups in marginalized neighborhoods) in schools with limited resources.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Åhlund, A. (2015). Swedish as Multiparty Work: Tailoring Talk in a Second Language Classroom (PhD Thesis). Stockholm: University of Stockholm, Department of Child and Youth Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arai, M., Schröder, L., & Vilhelmsson, R. (2000). En svartvit arbetsmarknad: en ESO-rapport om vägen från skola till arbete. Stockholm: Fritzes offentliga publikationer: Utrikesdep. Regeringskansliet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arneback, E. (2012). Med kränkningen som måttstock: om planerade bemötanden av främlingsfientliga uttryck i skolan (Örebro Studies in Education:34). Örebro: Örebro Universitet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arneback, E. (2014). Moral Imagination in Education: A Deweyan Proposal for Teachers Responding to Hate Speech. Journal of Moral Education, 43(3), 269–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beach, D., & Sernhede, O. (2011). From Learning to Labour to Learning for Marginality: School Segregation and Marginalization in Swedish Suburbs. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 32(2), 257–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behtoui, A. (2006). Om de hade föräldrar födda på ‘rätt plats’: om ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund i det svenska utbildningssystemet och på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Norrköping: Integrationsverket.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behtoui, A. (2013). Incorporation of Children of Immigrants: The Case of Descendants of Immigrants from Turkey in Sweden. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 36(12), 2141–2159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behtoui, A. (2015). Social Capital. In C. Westin (Ed.), The Integration of Descendants of Migrants from Turkey in Stockholm (pp. 57–68). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Behtoui, A. (2017). Social Capital and the Educational Expectations of Young People. European Educational Research Journal, 16(4), 487–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behtoui, A., & Neergaard, A. (2016). Social Capital and the Educational Achievement of Young People in Sweden. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 37(7), 947–969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behtoui, A., & Olsson, E. (2014). The Performance of Early-Age Migrants in Education and the Labour Market: A Comparison of Bosnia Herzegovinians, Chileans and Somalis in Sweden. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40(5), 778–795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bijvoet, E., & Fraurud, K. (2010). “Rinkeby Swedish” in the Mind of the Beholder: Studying Listener Perceptions of Language Variation in Multilingual Stockholm. In P. Quist & B. Svendsen (Eds.), Multilingual Urban Scandinavia: New Linguistic Practices (pp. 170–188). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Blackledge, A. (2005). Discourse and Power in a Multilingual World. Amsterdam: John Benjamin.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bouakaz, L. (2007). Parental Involvement in School: What Hinders and What Promotes Parental Involvement in an Urban School? (PhD Thesis). Malmö: Lärarutbildningen, Malmö högskola.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (pp. 241–258). New York: Greenwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P., Chamboredon, J.-C., Passeron, J.-C., & Krais, B. (1991). The Craft of Sociology: Epistemological Preliminaries. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, S. (2010). Research on Language in Multilingual Urban Settings in Sweden. In P. Quist & B. Svendsen (Eds.), Multilingual Urban Scandinavia: New Linguistic Practices (pp. 1–5). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brantefors, L. (2015). Between Culture and Cultural Heritage: Curriculum Historical Preconditions as Constitutive for Cultural Relations: The Swedish Case. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 23(2), 301–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunar, N. (2008). The Free Schools “Riddle”: Between Traditional Social Democratic, Neo-Liberal and Multicultural Tenets. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 52(4), 423–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunar, N. (2011). Multicultural Urban Schools in Sweden and Their Communities: Social Predicaments, the Power of Stigma, and Relational Dilemmas. Urban Education, 46(2), 141–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunar, N., & Ambrose, A. (2016). Schools, Choice and Reputation: Local School Markets and the Distribution of Symbolic Capital in Segregated Cities. Research in Comparative and International Education, 11(1), 34–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bygren, M., & Szulkin, R. (2010). Ethnic Environment During Childhood and the Educational Attainment of Immigrant Children in Sweden. Social Forces, 88(3), 1305–1329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catomeris, C. (2004). Det ohyggliga arvet. Stockholm: Ordfront.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(supplement), 95–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doran, M. (2004). Negotiating Between Bourge and Racaille: Verlan as Youth Identity Practice in Suburban Paris. In A. Blackledge & A. Pavlenko (Eds.), Negotiation of Identities in Multilingual Contexts (pp. 93–124). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dovemark, M. (2013). How Private “Everyday Racism” and Public “Racism Denial” Contribute to Unequal and Discriminatory Educational Experiences. Ethnography and Education, 8(1), 16–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dryler, H. (2001). Etnisk segregation i skolan: effekter på ungdomars betyg och övergång till gymnasieskolan. In J. Fritzell & J. Palme (Eds.), Välfärdens finansiering och fördelning. Antologi från Kommittén Välfärdsboksluts (pp. 319–355). Stockholm: Fritzes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edling, C., & Rydgren, J. (2012). Neighborhood and Friendship Composition in Adolescence. Sage Open, 2(4), 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Englund, T. (1993). Education for Public or Private Good. In G. Miron (Ed.), Towards Free Choice and Market-Oriented Schools: Problems and Promises. Stockholm: National Agency for Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, R., & Jonsson, J. O. (1993). Ursprung och utbildning: social snedrekrytering till högre studier: huvudbetänkande. Stockholm: Fritze.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erixon Arreman, I., & Holm, A.-S. (2011). School as “Edu-Business”: Four “Serious Players” in the Swedish Upper-Secondary-School Market. Education Inquiry, 2(4), 637–657.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granstedt, L. (2006). Lärares tolkningsrepertoarer i samtal om en grupp elever med utländsk bakgrund och deras föräldrar. In L. Sawyer & M. Kamali (Eds.), Utbildningens dilemma Demokratiska ideal och andrafierande praxis (pp. 251–274). Stockholm: Fritzes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grüber, S. (2007). Skolan gör skillnad: etnicitet och institutionell praktik (Unpublished PhD Thesis). Norrköping: Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haglund, C. (2005). Social Interaction and Identification Among Adolescents in Multilingual Suburban Sweden. A Study of Institutional Order and Sociocultural Change (PhD Thesis in bilingualism). Stockholm: University of Stockholm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haglund, B. (2015). Youth Victimisation, School and Family Support: Schools’ Strategies to Handle Abused Children. Education Inquiry, 6(2), 191–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hällgren, C. (2005). Working Harder to Be the Same: Experiences of Young Men and Women in Sweden from Minority Ethnic Backgrounds. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 8(3), 319–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hällsten, M., & Szulkin, R. (2009). Families, Neighbourhoods, and the Future: The Transition to Adulthood of Children of Native and Immigrant Origin in Sweden (Working Paper No. 9). Stockholm: University of Stockholm, Linaeus Center for Integration Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, A. (2000). The Political Arithmetic Tradition in the Sociology of Education. Oxford Review of Educational Research, 26(3/4), 313–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschman, A. O. (2004). Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, S., Yeoh, B. S. A., & Lam, T. (2008). Asian Transnational Families in Transition: The Liminality of Simultaneity. International Migration Review, 46(4), 3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyltenstam, K., & Milani, T. (2012). Flerspråkighetens sociopolitiska och sociokulturella ramar. In K. Hyltenstam, M. Axelsson, & I. Lindberg (Eds.), Flerspråkighet: en forskningsöversikt (pp. 17–152). Stockholm: Vetenskapsrådet.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, C. E. (2001). Making Teaching Relevant: Toward an Understanding of Students’ Experiences in a Culturally “Different” Sweden. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 9(3), 407–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, R. (2004). Social Identity (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, T., & Olofsson, R. (2011). The Art of Becoming “Swedish”: Immigrant Youth, School Careers and Life Plans. Ethnicities, 11(2), 184–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson, J. O. (2001). Utbildning som resurs under skoltiden och för framtiden:uppväxtfamilj och skolgång. In J. O. Jonsson, M. Evertsson, S. B. Låftman, & V. Östberg (Eds.), Barns och ungdomars välfärd: antologi från Kommittén Välfärdsbokslut, Statens offentliga utredningar (pp. 209–235). Stockholm: Fritzes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson, J. O., & Rudolphi, F. (2010). Weak Performance–Strong Determination: School Achievement and Educational Choice Among Children of Immigrants in Sweden. European Sociological Review, 27(4), 487–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson, R. (2007). Blatte betyder kompis. Om maskulinitet och språk i en högstadieskola. Stockholm: Ordfront.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson, R., & Milani, T. (2009). Här är alla lika! Jämlikhetsideologi och konstruktionen av den Andre i media och skola. Utbildning och Demokrati, 18(2), 67–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahlenberg, R. (2001). All Together Now: Creating Middle-Class Schools Through Public School Choice. Washington, DC: Brookings Institutions Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalonaityté, V., Kawesa, V., & Tedros, A. (2009). Att färgas av Sverige: Upplevelser av diskriminering och rasism bland ungdomar med afrikansk bakgrund i Sverige. Stockholm: Ombudsmannen mot etnisk diskriminering.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knocke, W., & Hertzberg, F. (2000). Mångfaldens barn söker sin plats. En studie om arbetsmarknadschanser för ungdomar med invandrarbakgrund. Stockholm: Svartvitts förlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroskrity, P. (2010). Language Ideologies – Evolving Perspectives. In J. Jaspers, J.-O. Östman, & J. Verschueren (Eds.), Society and Language Use (pp. 192–211). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lange, A., & Hedlund, E. (1998). Lärare och den mångkulturella skolan – Utsatthet för hot och våd samt attityder till ‘mångkulturalitet’ bland grundskole- och gymnasielärare. Stockholm: University of Stockholm, Centrum för invandringsforskning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange, A., Lööw, H., Bruchfeld, S., & Hedlund, E. (1997). Utsatthet för etniskt och politiskt relaterat våld hot m m, spridning av rasistisk och antirasistisk propaganda samt attityder till demokrati m m bland skolelever. Stockholm: University of Stockholm, Centrum för invandringsforskning.

    Google Scholar 

  • León Rosales, R. (2010). Vid framtidens hitersta gräns: Om maskulina elevpositioner i en multietnisk skola (PhD Thesis). Tumba: Mångkulturellt centrum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindberg, I. (2002). Myter om tvåspråkighet. Språkvård, 4(02), 93–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindgren, A.-L. (2002). Att utbilda barn till ett nationellt medborgarskap: folkhemmet och föreställningar om “vi” och “de andra”. Historisk tidskrift, 1, 29–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund, S. (2008). Choice Paths in the Swedish Upper Secondary Education: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Recent Reforms. Journal of Education Policy, 23(6), 633–648.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lundahl, L. (2002). Sweden: Decentralization, Deregulation, Quasi-Markets and Then What? Journal of Education Policy, 17(6), 687–697.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lundahl, L., Arreman, I. E., Holm, A.-S., & Lundström, U. (2013). Educational Marketization the Swedish Way. Education Inquiry, 4(3), 497–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milani, T. (2008). Language Testing and Citizenship: A Language Ideological Debate in Sweden. Language in Society, 37(1), 27–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milani, T. M., & Jonsson, R. (2011). Incomprehensible Language? Language, Ethnicity and Heterosexual Masculinity in a Swedish School. Gender and Language, 5(2), 239–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milani, T. M., & Jonsson, R. (2012). Who’s Afraid of Rinkeby Swedish? Public Debates and School Practices. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 22(1), 44–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molina, I. (1997). Stadens rasifiering: etnisk boendesegregation i folkhemmet (PhD Thesis). Uppsala: Uppsala universitet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Öhrn, E. (2011). Class and Ethnicity at Work. Segregation and Conflict in a Swedish Secondary School. Education Inquiry, 2(2), 345–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Östh, J., Andersson, E., & Malmberg, B. (2013). School Choice and Increasing Performance Difference: A Counterfactual Approach. Urban Studies, 50(2), 407–425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Östh, J., Clark, W. A. V., & Malmberg, B. (2014). Measuring the Scale of Segregation Using K-Nearest Neighbor Aggregates. Geographical Analysis, 47(1), 34–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Otterbeck, J. (2006). Vad kan man egentligen begära? – Läromedelstexter om islam. In P. B. Andersen, C. Dahlgren, S. Johannessen, & J. Otterbeck (Eds.), Religion, skole og kulturel integration i Danmark og Sverige (pp. 237–262). Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanums Forlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otterbeck, J., & Bevelander, P. (2006). Islamofobi: en studie av begreppet, ungdomars attityder och unga muslimers utsatthet. Stockholm: Forum för levande historia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parszyk, I.-M. (1999). En skola för andra: minoritetselevers upplevelser av arbets- och livsvillkor i grundskolan (Unpublished PhD Thesis). Stockholm: HLS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rumbaut, R. G. (2004). Ages, Life Stages, and Generational Cohorts: Decomposing the Immigrant First and Second Generations in the United States. International Migration Review, 38(3), 1160–1205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Runfors, A. (2003). Mångfald, motsägelser och marginaliseringar. En studie av hur invandrarskap formas i skolan. Stockholm: Prisma.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runfors, A. (2004a). “När blir man svensk?” Om hur skilda möjligheter skapas i skolvardagens samspel. In K. Borevi & P. Strömblad (Eds.), Kunskap för integration. Om makt i skola och utbildning i mångfaldens Sverige (pp. 29–54). Stockholm: Fritzes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runfors, A. (2004b). Lära sig bli invandrare. Globala och transnationella mönster i nationella former? ’ Kulturella Perspektiv, 3, 4–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runfors, A. (2006). Fostran till frihet? Värdeladdade visioner, positionerade praktiker och diskriminerande ordningar. In L. Sawyer & M. Kamali (Eds.), Utbildningens dilemma Demokratiska ideal och andrafierande praxis (pp. 135–166). Stockholm: Fritzes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, L. (2006). Att koppla drömmar till verkligheten: SYOkonsulenters syn på etnicitet i övergången från grundskolan till gymnasiet. In L. Sawyer & M. Kamali (Eds.), Utbildningens dilemma Demokratiska ideal och andrafierande praxis (pp. 187–250). Stockholm: Fritzes.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCB. (2014). Statistisk Årsbok för Sverige. Örebro: SCB.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmauch, U. (2006). Den osynliga vardagsrasismens realitet (PhD Thesis in Sociology, No. 43). Umeå: Umeå University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sernhede, O., & Broman, I. T. (2014). Segregation, utbildning och ovanliga lärprocesser. Stockholm: Liber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Similä, M. (1994). Andra generationens invandrare i den svenska skolan. In R. Erikson & J. O. Jonsson (Eds.), Sortering i skolan, Studier av snedrekrytering och utbildningens konsekvenser (pp. 226–263). Stockholm: Carlssons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjögren, A. (1996). Språket, nykomlingens nyckel till samhället, men också en svensk försvarsmekanism. In A. Sjögren, A. Runfors, & I. Ramberg (Eds.), En ‘bra’ svenska? (pp. 19–40). Tumba: Mångkulturellt centrum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skolverket. (2011). Utbildningsresultat Riksnivå, RAPPORT 356 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skolverket. (2016a). Slutbetyg i grundskolan, våren 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skolverket. (2016b). Invandringens betydelse för skolresultaten En analys av utvecklingen av behörighet till gymnasiet och resultaten i internationella kunskapsmätningar. Stockholm: Skolverkets Aktuella Analyser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Söderström, M., & Uusitalo, R. (2010). School Choice and Segregation: Evidence from an Admission Reform. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 112(1), 55–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SOU. (1997a). Statens offentliga utredningar 1997:192. Steg mot en minoritetspolitik. Europarådets konvention om historiska minoritetsspråk. Stockholm: Fritzes.

    Google Scholar 

  • SOU. (1997b). Statens offentliga utredningar 1997:193. Steg mot en minoritetspolitik. Europarådets convention för skydd av nationella minoriteter. Stockholm: Fritzes.

    Google Scholar 

  • SOU. (2002). Statens offentliga utredningar 2002:27. Mål i Mun. Förslag till handlinsprogram för svenska språket. Stockholm: Fritzes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spaiser, V., Hedström, P., Ranganathan, S., Jansson, K., Nordvik, M. K., & Sumpter, D. J. (2016). Identifying Complex Dynamics in Social Systems: A New Methodological Approach Applied to Study School Segregation. Sociological Methods & Research, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124116626174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanton-Salazar, R. D. (2001). Manufacturing Hope and Despair: The School and Kin Support Networks of U.S.–Mexican Youth. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, P. A. J., & Dworkin, G. (Eds.). (2014). The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education. London: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroud, C. (2004). Rinkeby Swedish and Semilingualism in Language Ideological Debates: A Bourdieuean Perspective. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 8(2), 163–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stroud, C. (2013). Halvspråkighet och rinkebysvenska som språkideologiska begrepp. In K. Hyltenstam & I. Lindberg (Eds.), Svenska som andraspråk: i forskning, undervisning och samhälle. Andra upplagan (pp. 313–342). Lund: Studentlitteratur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svanberg, I., & Tydén, M. (1998). Tusen år av invandring. En svensk kulturhistoria. Stockholm: Arena.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szulkin, R., & Jonsson, J. O. (2007). Ethnic Segregation and Educational Outcomes in Swedish Comprehensive Schools (Working Paper No. 2). Stockholm: University of Stockholm, Linnaeus Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tholin, J. (2014). “Swedishness” as a Norm for Learners of English in Swedish Schools: A Study of National and Local Objectives and Criteria in Compulsory School. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 58(3), 253–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westin, C. (2015). The Integration of Descendants of Migrants from Turkey in Stockholm: The TIES Study in Sweden. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Woolard, K. A. (1998). Introduction: Language Ideology as a Field of Inquiry. In B. B. Schiefflin, K. A. Woolard, & P. V. Kroskrity (Eds.), Language Ideologies. Practice and Theory (pp. 1–45). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, M. (1997). Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation. International Migration Review, 31(4), 975–1008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden

    Alireza Behtoui

  2. Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

    Alireza Behtoui

  3. Department of Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

    Fredrik Hertzberg

  4. Child and Youth Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

    Rickard Jonsson

  5. Mångkulturellt Centrum, Botkyrka, Sweden

    René León Rosales

  6. Institute for Research on Migration, Ethnicity and Society (REMESO), Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden

    Anders Neergaard

Authors
  1. Alireza Behtoui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fredrik Hertzberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rickard Jonsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. René León Rosales
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Anders Neergaard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alireza Behtoui .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Peter A. J. Stevens

  2. Department of Sociology, The University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    A. Gary Dworkin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Behtoui, A., Hertzberg, F., Jonsson, R., León Rosales, R., Neergaard, A. (2019). Sweden: The Otherization of the Descendants of Immigrants. In: Stevens, P.A.J., Dworkin, A.G. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94724-2_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94724-2_23

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-94723-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-94724-2

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation