Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Torricelliaceae

Torricelliaceae Hu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 5: 313 (1934).

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Flowering Plants. Eudicots

Part of the book series: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants ((FAMILIES GENERA,volume 15))

  • 1100 Accesses

Abstract

Small trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous; plants dioecious or hermaphroditic, lacking secretory canals. Leaves spiral and simple; margins often dentate, serrate, crenate to pinnatifid, more rarely entire; leaf venation pinnate or palmate; petioles exstipulate and distinctly sheathing; blades chartaceous to subcoriaceous or somewhat succulent, glabrous or trichomes unicellular or multicellular, unbranched, glandular and sometimes also nonglandular. Inflorescence terminal (occasionally in the upper leaf axils) and paniculate with racemules or cymules as the ultimate inflorescence unit (or bifid of two racemes), erect or pendulous. Flowers minute to medium-sized, perfect or imperfect, actinomorphic, epigynous, pedicel articulated or not, bracteolate; calyx a low rim or tube with (3–)5 small teeth or subequal lobes; corolla imbricate or induplicate-valvate; petals free 5 (sometimes lacking), broad at base, plane or inflexed at apex, ovate to long-elliptical; stamens 5 (lacking or present as staminodia in carpellate flowers), alternipetalous; anthers tetrasporangiate, basi- or dorsifixed, with longitudinal dehiscence; pollen tricolporate; carpels 3, connate; ovary inferior; epigynous disc absent to flat or forming a gibbous stylopodium; styles 3, free, erect to recurving (sometimes bifid); locules 3, sometimes all but one aborting; a single functional ovule per ovary (others abortive); ovules pendant and anatropous, placentation apical or axile. Fruits drupaceous, single-seeded crowned by the persistent calyx and styles; exocarp smooth, mesocarp fleshy, endocarp sclerified or lignified. Seeds with copious endosperm (ruminate or uniform) and a small embryo.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Selected Bibliography

  • Adams, J.E. 1949. Studies in the comparative anatomy of the Cornaceae. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 65: 218–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, J.G. 1884. Further contributions to the flora of central Madagascar. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 317–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate-Smith, E.C. 1980. The systematic position of Aralidium Miq. – a multidisciplinary study. 5. A note on the phenolic constituents. Taxon 29: 412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bate-Smith, E.C., Ferguson, I.K., Hutson, K., Nielsen, B.J., Swain, T. 1975. Phytochemical interrelationships in the Cornaceae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 3: 79–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bentham, G. 1867. Araliaceae. In: Bentham, G., Hooker, J.D. (eds.) Genera Plantarum, 1. London: Reeve & Co, pp. 931–947.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar. 2018. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40016214 [accessed 31 Aug. 2018].

  • Chandler, G.T., Plunkett, G.M. 2004. Evolution in Apiales: nuclear and chloroplast markers together in (almost) perfect harmony. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 144: 123–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronquist, A. 1988. The evolution and classification of flowering plants. 2nd ed., New York: New York Botanical Garden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahlgren, R.M.T. 1980. A revised system of classification of the angiosperms. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 80: 91–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eyde, R.H. 1967. The peculiar gynoecial vasculature of Cornaceae and its systematic significance. Phytomorphology 17: 172–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eyde, R.H. 1988. Comprehending Cornus: puzzles and progress in the systematics of the dogwoods. Bot. Rev. 54: 233–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, I.K., Hideux, M.J. 1978. Some aspects of the pollen morphology and its taxonomic significance in Cornaceae sens. lat. Proc. IV Int. Palynol. Conf., Lucknow (1976–1977) 1: 240–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harms, H. 1897. Araliaceae. In: Natürl. Pflanzenfam. III, 8. Leipzig: Engelmann, pp. 1–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harms, H. 1898. Cornaceae. In: Natürl. Pflanzenfam. III, 8. Leipzig: Engelmann, pp. 250–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellmayer, E.M., Kiehn, M., Weber, A. 1994. Chromosome numbers of Malayan rain-forest Angiosperms. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 68: 51–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, W. 1990. Toricellia. In: Fang, W., Hu, W. (eds.) Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 56: 35–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, J. 1967. The genera of flowering plants (Angiospermae). Dicotyledones, Vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, S.R., Nielsen, B.J. 1980. Iridoid glucosides in Griselinia, Aralidium and Toricellia. Phytochemistry 19: 2685–2688.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, H.-L., Chao, C.-Y. 1954. Comparative anatomy of the woods of the Cornaceae and allies. Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 7: 119–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang, G., Xu, B., Pan, W., Cao, P., Zhang, Y., Lu, Y., Wu, Y., Hao, X. 2009. A novel iridoid from Torricellia angulata var. intermedia. Nat. Prod. Res. 23: 1–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manchester, S.R. 1999. Biogeographical relationships of North American Tertiary floras. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 86: 472–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manchester, S.R., Chen, Z.-D., Lu, A.-M., Uemura, K. 2009. Eastern Asian endemic seed plant genera and their paleogeographic history throughout the Northern Hemisphere. J. Syst. Evol. 47: 1–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meller, B. 2006. Comparative investigation of modern and fossil Toricellia fruits – a disjunctive element in the Miocene and Eocene of Central Europe and the USA. Beitr. Paläont. 30: 315–327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miquel, F.A.W. 1856. Araliacearum indicarum genera et species aliquot novae. Bonplandia 4: 137–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolas, A.N., Plunkett, G.M. 2009. The demise of subfamily Hydrocotyloideae (Apiaceae) and the re-alignment of its genera across the entire order Apiales. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 53: 134–151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noshiro, S., Baas, P. 1998. Systematic wood anatomy of Cornaceae and allies. IAWA J. 19: 43–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oginuma, K, Gu, Z., Yue, Z., Kondo, K. 1994a. Chromosomes of some woody plants native to Yunnan, China. Kromosomo 73: 2491–2497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oginuma, K., Tobe, H., Ohba, H. 1994b. Chromosomes of some woody plants from Nepal. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 45: 15–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Philipson, W.R. 1979. Araliaceae. In: van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) Fl. Malesiana I, 9. The Hague: W. Junk Publ., pp. 1–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Philipson, W.R., Butterfield, B.G. 1980. The systematic position of Aralidium Miq. – a multidisciplinary study. 2. Wood anatomy. Taxon 29: 404–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philipson, W.R., Stone, B.C. 1980. The systematic position of Aralidium Miq. – a multidisciplinary study. 1. Introduction and floral and general anatomy. Taxon 29: 391–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plunkett, G.M. 2001. Relationship of the order Apiales to subclass Asteridae: a reevaluation of morphological characters based on insights from molecular data. Edinb. J. Bot. 58: 183–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plunkett, G.M., Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S. 1996. Higher level relationships of Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) based on phylogenetic analysis of rbcL sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 83: 499–515.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plunkett, G.M., Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S. 1997. Clarification of the relationship between Apiaceae and Araliaceae based on matK and rbcL sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. 84: 565–580.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plunkett, G.M., Chandler, G.T., Lowry, P.P. II, Pinney, S.M., Sprenkle, T.S. 2004. Recent advances in understanding Apiales and a revised classification. S. African J. Bot. 70: 371–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schatz, G.E., Lowry, P.P. II, Wolf, A.-E. 1998. Endemic families of Madagascar. I. A synoptic revision of Melanophylla Baker (Melanophyllaceae). Adansonia III, 20: 233–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seemann, B.C. 1865. Revision of the natural order Hederaceae. IX. On the genera Toricellia, Decostea, and Adoxa. J. Bot. 3: 361–363, t. 41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokoloff, D.D., Karpunina, P.V., Nuraliev, M.S., Oskolski, A.A. 2018. Flower structure and development in Melanophylla (Torricelliaceae: Apiales): lability in direction of corolla contortion and orientation of pseudomonomerous gynoecium in a campanulid eudicot. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. (early on-line publ.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Takhtajan, A. 1997. Diversity and classification of flowering plants. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, Y.-C., Xiang, Q.-Y., Cao, Y.-L. 1984. Cytological studies on some plants of Sichuan and neighboring regions - I. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22: 343–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorne, R.F. 2000. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: Dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae. Bot. Rev. 66: 441–647.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trifonova, V.I. 1998. Fruit and seed anatomy of the genus Melanophylla (Melanophyllaceae) in relation to its taxonomical position. Bot. Zhurn. 83: 97–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tseng, C.C. 1980. The systematic position of Aralidium Miq. – a multidisciplinary study. 3. Pollen morphology. Taxon 29: 407–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wangerin, W. 1910. Cornaceae. In: Pflanzenreich IV, 229. 101 pp. Leipzig: Engelmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiang, Q., Boufford, D.E. 2005. Toricelliaceae. Fl. China 14: 233–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiang, Q.-Y., Soltis, D.E. 1998. RbcL sequence data define a cornaceous clade and clarify relationships of Cornaceae sensu lato. In: Boufford, D.E., Ohba, H. (eds.) Sino-Japanese flora – its characteristics and diversification. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yembaturova, E.Y., Konstantinova, A.I. 2013. Fruit structure of the genus Toricellia DC. (Toricelliaceae) and its taxonomic position in the order Apiales. Izv. Timiryazev Agric. Acad., special issue, pp. 197–205.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA

    G. M. Plunkett

  2. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    Q. -Y. Xiang

  3. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA

    P. P. Lowry II & G. E. Schatz

  4. Institut de Systématique, Évolution et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France

    P. P. Lowry II

Authors
  1. G. M. Plunkett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Q. -Y. Xiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. P. Lowry II
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. E. Schatz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. M. Plunkett .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Johannes Gutenberg, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Joachim W. Kadereit

  2. Campinas, Brazil

    Volker Bittrich

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Plunkett, G.M., Xiang, Q.Y., Lowry, P.P., Schatz, G.E. (2018). Torricelliaceae. In: Kadereit, J., Bittrich, V. (eds) Flowering Plants. Eudicots. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation