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The Development of the Bony Skull

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Head and Neck

Abstract

This chapter treats the development of the bony neurocranium and the bony viscerocranium, and it runs from genetics to the three-dimensional enlargement of bony centres. The construction of head and neck, in fact of the whole body, is organized by the most conservative genes, called Hox genes. The fly Drosophila (the small red-eyed flies on your fruit) uses the same genes. In humans, these genes are employed to make the segmental borders in our body. Since the head exists of a fusing of several segments, the knowledge of the Hox genes clarified their borders. In the growth process, structures of head and neck are produced by mesoderm, neural crest and placodes, which ask for a thorough description.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, MIRA, University Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

    Enrico Marani & Ciska Heida

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  1. Enrico Marani
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  2. Ciska Heida
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Marani, E., Heida, C. (2018). The Development of the Bony Skull. In: Head and Neck. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92105-1_4

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