Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumors pp 153–167Cite as

Pathological Classification and Surgical Approach to Hepatocellular Adenomas

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 612 Accesses

Abstract

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are a rare benign liver neoplasm mainly observed in young women taking oral contraceptives (OC) (Baum et al., Lancet 2:926–929, 1973; Rooks et al., JAMA 242:644–648, 1979; Carrasco et al., N Engl J Med 310:1120–1121, 1984; Rosenberg, Contraception 43:643–652, 1991; Heinemann et al., Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 3:194–200, 1998). Unlike other benign liver diseases such as hemangiomas and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) for which the risk of surgery is higher than the risk of spontaneous complications (Schnelldorfer et al., J Am Coll Surg 211(6):724–730, 2010), there is still a surgical indication for HCA because of the risk of bleeding and malignancy (Cho et al., Ann Surg Oncol 15:2795–2803, 2008; Dokmak et al., Gastroenterology 137:1698–1705, 2009; Deneve et al., Ann Surg Oncol 16:640–648, 2009). Major progress has been made in the last decade in the clinical, radiological, and histological understanding of this disease. HCA is no longer considered to be a single entity but is now divided into three radiological (inflammatory, steatotic, and classic) and five histological (inflammatory, HNF1A, b catenin,sonic hedgehog, and unclassified, HNF1A, inflammatory, β-catenin, sonic hedgehog, and unclassified) subtypes with different risks of complications (Nault et al., Gastroenterology 152(4):880–894, 2017). The risk factors for complications are well known and include HCA > 5 cm whatever the subtype (risk of bleeding and malignancy) and male gender whatever the size (risk of malignancy). However, HNF1A (steatotic HCA) has a low risk of complications, and the risk of malignancy is increased in β-catenin HCA with a mutation in exon 3 (Dokmak et al., Gastroenterology 137:1698–1705, 2009; Nault et al., Gastroenterology 152(4):880–894, 2017).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Baum JK, Bookstein JJ, Holtz F, Klein EW. Possible association between benign hepatomas and oral contraceptives. Lancet. 1973;2:926–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Rooks JB, Ory HW, Ishak KG, Strauss LT, Greenspan JR, Hill AP, Tyler CW Jr. Epidemiology of hepatocellular adenoma. The role of oral contraceptive use. JAMA. 1979;242:644–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Carrasco D, Barrachina M, Prieto M, Berenguer J. Clomiphene citrate and liver-cell adenoma. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1120–1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Rosenberg L. The risk of liver neoplasia in relation to combined oral contraceptive use. Contraception. 1991;43:643–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Heinemann LA, Weimann A, Gerken G, Thiel C, Schlaud M, DoMinh T. Modern oral contraceptive use and benign liver tumors: the German Benign Liver Tumor Case-Control Study. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 1998;3:194–200.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Dokmak S, Paradis V, Vilgrain V, Sauvanet A, Farges O, Valla D, Bedossa P, Belghiti J. A single-center surgical experience of 122 patients with single and multiple hepatocellular adenomas. Gastroenterology. 2009;137:1698–705.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Gutiérrez Santiago M, García Ibarbia C, Nan Nan DN, Hernández Hernández JL. Hepatic lesions and prolonged use of oral contraceptive. Rev Clin Esp. 2007;207(5):257–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Edmondson HA, Henderson B, Benton B. Liver-cell adenomas associated with use of oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med. 1976;294:470–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Rooks JB, Ory HW, Ishak KG, Strauss LT, Greenspan JR, Tyler CW Jr. The association between oral contraception and hepatocellular adenoma—a preliminary report. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1977;15:143–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bühler H, Pirovino M, Akobiantz A, Altorfer J, Weitzel M, Maranta E, Schmid M. Regression of liver cell adenoma. A follow-up study of three consecutive patients after discontinuation of oral contraceptive use. Gastroenterology. 1982;82(4):775–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Aseni P, Sansalone CV, Sammartino C, Benedetto FD, Carrafiello G, Giacomoni A, Osio C, Vertemati M, Forti D. Rapid disappearance of hepatic adenoma after contraceptive withdrawal. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001;33(3):234–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Svrcek M, Jeannot E, Arrive L, Poupon R, Fromont G, Flejou JF, Zucman-Rossi J, Bouchard P, Wendum D. Regressive liver adenomatosis following androgenic progestin therapy withdrawal: a case report with a 10-year follow-up and a molecular analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;156:617–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Brunt EM, Wolverson MK, Di Bisceglie AM. Benign hepatocellular tumors (adenomatosis) in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a case report. Semin Liver Dis. 2005;25(2):230–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Smith BM, Hussain A, Jacobs M, Merrick HW III. Ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2009;5(4):510–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lefkowitch JH, Antony LV. The evolving role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hepatic neoplasia: inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma in a man with metabolic syndrome. Semin Liver Dis. 2015;35(3):349–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bunchorntavakul C, Bahirwani R, Drazek D, Soulen MC, Siegelman ES, Furth EE, Olthoff K, Shaked A, Reddy KR. Clinical features and natural history of hepatocellular adenomas: the impact of obesity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34(6):664–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bioulac-Sage P, Taouji S, Possenti L, Balabaud C. Hepatocellular adenoma subtypes: the impact of overweight and obesity. Liver Int. 2012;32(8):1217–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Chang CY, Hernandez-Prera JC, Roayaie S, Schwartz M, Thung SN. Changing epidemiology of hepatocellular adenoma in the United States: review of the literature. Int J Hepatol. 2013;2013:604860.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Nault JC, Bioulac-Sage P, Zucman-Rossi J. Hepatocellular benign tumors-from molecular classification to personalized clinical care. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(5):888–902.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Jeannot E, Poussin K, Chiche L, Bacq Y, Sturm N, Scoazec JY, Buffet C, Van Nhieu JT, Bellanné-Chantelot C, de Toma C, Laurent-Puig P, Bioulac-Sage P, Zucman-Rossi J. Association of CYP1B1 germ line mutations with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha-mutated hepatocellular adenoma. Cancer Res. 2007;67(6):2611–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bork K, Pitton M, Harten P, Koch P. Hepatocellular adenomas in patients taking danazol for hereditary angio-oedema. Lancet. 1999;353:1066–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Nakao A, Sakagami K, Nakata Y, Komazawa K, Amimoto T, Nakashima K, Isozaki H, Takakura N, Tanaka N. Multiple hepatic adenomas caused by long-term administration of androgenic steroids for aplastic anemia in association with familial adenomatous polyposis. J Gastroenterol. 2000;35(7):557–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Velazquez I, Alter BP. Androgens and liver tumors: Fanconi’s anemia and non-Fanconi’s conditions. Am J Hematol. 2004;77:257–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Socas L, Zumbado M, Pérez-Luzardo O, Ramos A, Pérez C, Hernández JR, Boada LD. Hepatocellular adenomas associated with anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in bodybuilders: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:e27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Talente GM, Coleman RA, Alter C, Baker L, Brown BI, Cannon RA, Chen YT, Crigler JF Jr, Ferreira P, Haworth JC, Herman GE, Issenman RM, Keating JP, Linde R, Roe TF, Senior B, Wolfsdorf JI. Glycogen storage disease in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120(3):218–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Reddy SK, Kishnani PS, Sullivan JA, Koeberl DD, Desai DM, Skinner MA, Rice HE, Clary BM. Resection of hepatocellular adenoma in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia. J Hepatol. 2007;47:658–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang DQ, Fiske LM, Carreras CT, Weinstein DA. Natural history of hepatocellular adenoma formation in glycogen storage disease type I. J Pediatr. 2011;159(3):442–6.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Hagiwara S, Takagi H, Kanda D, Sohara N, Kakizaki S, Katakai K, Yoshinaga T, Higuchi T, Nomoto K, Kuwano H, Mori M. Hepatic adenomatosis associated with hormone replacement therapy and hemosiderosis: a case report. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(4):652–5.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Reznik Y, Dao T, Coutant R, Chiche L, Jeannot E, Clauin S, Rousselot P, Fabre M, Oberti F, Fatome A, Zucman-Rossi J, Bellanne-Chantelot C. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha gene inactivation: cosegregation between liver adenomatosis and diabetes phenotypes in two maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)3 families. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(3):1476–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Barthelmes L, Tait IS. Liver cell adenoma and liver cell adenomatosis. HPB (Oxford). 2005;7(3):186–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kawakatsu M, Vilgrain V, Belghiti J, Flejou JF, Nahum H. Association of multiple liver cell adenomas with spontaneous intrahepatic portohepatic shunt. Abdom Imaging. 1994;19(5):438–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Seyama Y, Sano K, Tang W, Kokudo N, Sakamoto Y, Imamura H, Makuuchi M. Simultaneous resection of liver cell adenomas and an intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt with elevation of serum PIVKA-II level. J Gastroenterol. 2006;41:909–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Pupulim LF, Vullierme MP, Paradis V, Valla D, Terraz S, Vilgrain V. Congenital portosystemic shunts associated with liver tumours. Clin Radiol. 2013;68(7):e362–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sempoux C, Paradis V, Komuta M, Wee A, Calderaro J, Balabaud C, Quaglia A, Bioulac-Sage P. Hepatocellular nodules expressing markers of hepatocellular adenomas in Budd-Chiari syndrome and other rare hepatic vascular disorders. J Hepatol. 2015;63(5):1173–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Calderaro J, Nault JC, Balabaud C, Couchy G, Saint-Paul MC, Azoulay D, Mehdaoui D, Luciani A, Zafrani ES, Bioulac-Sage P, Zucman-Rossi J. Inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas developed in the setting of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Mod Pathol. 2016;29(1):43–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Sasaki M, Nakanuma Y. Overview of hepatocellular adenoma in Japan. Int J Hepatol. 2012;2012:648131.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Toso C, Rubbia-Brandt L, Negro F, Morel P, Mentha G. Hepatocellular adenoma and polycystic ovary syndrome. Liver Int. 2003;23(1):35–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Seki A, Inoue T, Maegaki Y, Sugiura C, Toyoshima M, Akaboshi S, Ohno K. Polycystic ovary syndrome and hepatocellular adenoma related to long-term use of sodium valproate in a young woman. No To Hattatsu. 2006;38(3):205–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Cazorla A, Félix S, Valmary-Degano S, Sailley N, Thévenot T, Heyd B, Bioulac-Sage P. Polycystic ovary syndrome as a rare association with inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma: a case report. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2014;38(6):e107–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Espat J, Chamberlain RS, Sklar C, Blumgart LH. Hepatic adenoma associated with recombinant human growth hormone therapy in a patient with Turner’s syndrome. Dig Surg. 2000;17(6):640–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Resnick MB, Kozakewich HP, Perez-Atayde AR. Hepatic adenoma in the pediatric age group. Clinicopathological observations and assessment of cell proliferative activity. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19(10):1181–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Tonorezos ES, Barnea D, Abou-Alfa GK, Bromberg J, D’Angelica M, Sklar CA, Shia J, Oeffinger KC. Hepatocellular adenoma among adult survivors of childhood and young adult cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2017;64(4).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Paradis V, Champault A, Ronot M, Deschamps L, Valla DC, Vidaud D, Vilgrain V, Belghiti J, Bedossa P. Telangiectatic adenoma: an entity associated with increased body mass index and inflammation. Hepatology. 2007;46(1):140–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Brancatelli G, Federle MP, Vullierme MP, Lagalla R, Midiri M, Vilgrain V. CT and MR imaging evaluation of hepatic adenoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2006;30:745–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Grazioli L, Bondioni MP, Haradome H, Motosugi U, Tinti R, Frittoli B, Gambarini S, Donato F, Colagrande S. Hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia: value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging in differential diagnosis. Radiology. 2012;262:520–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Bioulac-Sage P, Rebouissou S, Thomas C, Blanc JF, Saric J, Sa Cunha A, Rullier A, Cubel G, Couchy G, Imbeaud S, Balabaud C, Zucman-Rossi J. Hepatocellular adenoma subtype classification using molecular markers and immunohistochemistry. Hepatology. 2007;46:740–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Nault JC, Couchy G, Balabaud C, Morcrette G, Caruso S, Blanc JF, Bacq Y, Calderaro J, Paradis V, Ramos J, Scoazec JY, Gnemmi V, Sturm N, Guettier C, Fabre M, Savier E, Chiche L, Labrune P, Selves J, Wendum D, Pilati C, Laurent A, De Muret A, Le Bail B, Rebouissou S, Imbeaud S, GENTHEP Investigators, Bioulac-Sage P, Letouzé E, Zucman-Rossi J. Molecular classification of hepatocellular adenoma associates with risk factors, bleeding, and malignant transformation. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(4):880–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Yamagata K, Oda N, Kaisaki PJ, Menzel S, Furuta H, Vaxillaire M, Southam L, Cox RD, Lathrop GM, Boriraj VV, Chen X, Cox NJ, Oda Y, Yano H, Le Beau MM, Yamada S, Nishigori H, Takeda J, Fajans SS, Hattersley AT, Iwasaki N, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Polonsky KS, Bell GI, et al. Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha gene in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY3). Nature. 1996;384:455–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Bacq Y, Jacquemin E, Balabaud C, Jeannot E, Scotto B, Branchereau S, Laurent C, Bourlier P, Pariente D, de Muret A, Fabre M, Bioulac-Sage P, Zucman-Rossi J. Familial liver adenomatosis associated with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha inactivation. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:1470–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Iwen KA, Klein J, Hubold C, Lehnert H, Weitzel JM. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young and hepatic adenomatosis—characterisation of a new mutation. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2013;121(6):368–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Rebouissou S, Imbeaud S, Balabaud C, Boulanger V, Bertrand-Michel J, Tercé F, Auffray C, Bioulac-Sage P, Zucman-Rossi J. HNF1alpha inactivation promotes lipogenesis in human hepatocellular adenoma independently of SREBP-1 and carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP) activation. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:14437–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Zucman-Rossi J, Jeannot E, Nhieu JT, Scoazec JY, Guettier C, Rebouissou S, Bacq Y, Leteurtre E, Paradis V, Michalak S, Wendum D, Chiche L, Fabre M, Mellottee L, Laurent C, Partensky C, Castaing D, Zafrani ES, Laurent-Puig P, Balabaud C, Bioulac-Sage P. Genotype-phenotype correlation in hepatocellular adenoma: new classification and relationship with HCC. Hepatology. 2006;43:515–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Rebouissou S, Franconi A, Calderaro J, Letouze E, Imbeaud S, Pilati C, Nault JC, Couchy G, Laurent A, Balabaud C, Bioulac-Sage P, Zucman-Rossi J. Genotype-phenotype correlation of CTNNB1 mutations reveals different β-catenin activity associated with liver tumor progression. Hepatology. 2016;64(6):2047–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Bioulac-Sage P, Rebouissou S, Sa Cunha A, Jeannot E, Lepreux S, Blanc JF, Blanc JF, Blanché H, Le Bail B, Saric J, Laurent-Puig P, Balabaud C, Zucman-Rossi J. Clinical, morphologic, and molecular features defining so-called telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasias of the liver. Gastroenterology. 2005;128:1211–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Belghiti J, Dokmak S, Vilgrain V, Paradis V. Benign liver lesions, hepatocellular adenoma. Blumgart’s surgery of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas, vol. 2. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Laumonier H, Bioulac-Sage P, Laurent C, Zucman-Rossi J, Balabaud C, Trillaud H. Hepatocellular adenomas: magnetic resonance imaging features as a function of molecular pathological classification. Hepatology. 2008;48:808–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Ronot M, Bahrami S, Calderaro J, Valla DC, Bedossa P, Belghiti J, Vilgrain V, Paradis V. Hepatocellular adenomas: accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and liver biopsy in subtype classification. Hepatology. 2011;53:1182–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. van Aalten SM, Thomeer MG, Terkivatan T, Dwarkasing RS, Verheij J, de Man RA, Ijzermans JN. Hepatocellular adenomas: correlation of MR imaging findings with pathologic subtype classification. Radiology. 2011;261(1):172–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Bieze M, van den Esschert JW, Nio CY, Verheij J, Reitsma JB, Terpstra V, van Gulik TM, Phoa SS. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in differentiating hepatocellular adenoma from focal nodular hyperplasia: prospective study of the additional value of gadoxetate disodium. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;199:26–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Fléjou JF, Barge J, Menu Y, Degott C, Bismuth H, Potet F, Benhamou JP. Liver adenomatosis. An entity distinct from liver adenoma? Gastroenterology. 1985;89:1132–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Veteläinen R, Erdogan D, de Graaf W, ten Kate F, Jansen PL, Gouma DJ, van Gulik TM. Liver adenomatosis: re-evaluation of aetiology and management. Liver Int. 2008;28:499–508.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Dokmak S, Cauchy F, Belghiti J. Resection, transplantation and local regional therapies for liver adenomas. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;8(7):803–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Deneve JL, Pawlik TM, Cunningham S, Clary B, Reddy S, Scoggins CR, Martin RC, D’Angelica M, Staley CA, Choti MA, Jarnagin WR, Schulick RD, Kooby DA. Liver cell adenoma: a multicenter analysis of risk factors for rupture and malignancy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16:640–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Toso C, Majno P, Andres A, Rubbia-Brandt L, Berney T, Buhler L, Morel P, Mentha G. Management of hepatocellular adenoma: solitary-uncomplicated, multiple and ruptured tumors. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11(36):5691–5.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Bioulac-Sage P, Laumonier H, Couchy G, Le Bail B, Sa Cunha A, Rullier A, Laurent C, Blanc JF, Cubel G, Trillaud H, Zucman-Rossi J, Balabaud C, Saric J. Hepatocellular adenoma management and phenotypic classification: the Bordeaux experience. Hepatology. 2009;50:481–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. van Aalten SM, de Man RA, IJzermans JN, Terkivatan T. Systematic review of haemorrhage and rupture of hepatocellular adenomas. Br J Surg. 2012;99:911–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Bieze M, Phoa SS, Verheij J, van Lienden KP, van Gulik TM. Risk factors for bleeding in hepatocellular adenoma. Br J Surg. 2014;101(7):847–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Farges O, Ferreira N, Dokmak S, Belghiti J, Bedossa P, Paradis V. Changing trends in malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenoma. Gut. 2011;60:85–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Singhi AD, Jain D, Kakar S, Wu TT, Yeh MM, Torbenson M. Reticulin loss in benign fatty liver: an important diagnostic pitfall when considering a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36:710–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Farges O, Dokmak S. Malignant transformation of liver adenoma: an analysis of the literature. Dig Surg. 2010;27:32–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Stoot JH, Coelen RJ, De Jong MC, Dejong CH. Malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenomas into hepatocellular carcinomas: a systematic review including more than 1600 adenoma cases. HPB (Oxford). 2010;12:509–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Karkar AM, Tang LH, Kashikar ND, Gonen M, Solomon SB, Dematteo RP, D’Angelica MI, Correa-Gallego C, Jarnagin WR, Fong Y, Getrajdman GI, Allen P, Kingham TP. Management of hepatocellular adenoma: comparison of resection, embolization and observation. HPB (Oxford). 2013;15(3):235–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Bossen L, Grønbaek H, Lykke Eriksen P, Jepsen P. Men with biopsy-confirmed hepatocellular adenoma have a high risk of progression to hepatocellular carcinoma: a nationwide population-based study. Liver Int. 2017;37(7):1042–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. van der Windt DJ, Kok NF, Hussain SM, Zondervan PE, Alwayn IP, de Man RA, IJzermans JN. Case-orientated approach to the management of hepatocellular adenoma. Br J Surg. 2006;93:1495–502.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Sinclair M, Schelleman A, Sandhu D, Angus PW. Regression of hepatocellular adenomas and systemic inflammatory syndrome after cessation of estrogen therapy. Hepatology. 2017;66(3):989–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Dokmak S, Belghiti J. Will weight loss become a future treatment of hepatocellular adenoma in obese patients? Liver Int. 2015;35:2228–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Cassiman D, Libbrecht L, Verslype C, Meersseman W, Troisi R, Zucman-Rossi J, Van Vlierberghe H. An adult male patient with multiple adenomas and a hepatocellular carcinoma: mild glycogen storage disease type Ia. J Hepatol. 2010;53(1):213–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Iguchi T, Yamagata M, Sonoda T, Yanagita K, Fukahori T, Tsujita E, Aishima S, Oda Y, Maehara Y. Malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenoma with bone marrow metaplasia arising in glycogen storage disease type I: a case report. Mol Clin Oncol. 2016;5(5):599–603.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Mounajjed T, Wu TT. Telangiectatic variant of hepatic adenoma: clinicopathologic features and correlation between liver needle biopsy and resection. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011;35:1356–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Terkivatan T, Ijzermans JN. Hepatocellular adenoma: should phenotypic classification direct management? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;6(12):697–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Hale G, Liu X, Hu J, Xu Z, Che L, Solomon D, Tsokos C, Shafizadeh N, Chen X, Gill R, Kakar S. Correlation of exon 3 β-catenin mutations with glutamine synthetase staining patterns in hepatocellular adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2016;29(11):1370–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Marini P, Vilgrain V, Belghiti J. Management of spontaneous rupture of liver tumours. Dig Surg. 2002;19:109–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Rosales A, Que FG. Spontaneous hepatic hemorrhage: a single institution’s 16-year experience. Am Surg. 2016;82(11):1117–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Terkivatan T, de Wilt JH, de Man RA, van Rijn RR, Tilanus HW, IJzermans JN. Treatment of ruptured hepatocellular adenoma. Br J Surg. 2001;88:207–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Erdogan D, van Delden OM, Busch OR, Gouma DJ, van Gulik TM. Selective transcatheter arterial embolization for treatment of bleeding complications or reduction of tumor mass of hepatocellular adenomas. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2007;30:1252–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Erdogan D, Busch OR, van Delden OM, Ten Kate FJ, Gouma DJ, van Gulik TM. Management of spontaneous haemorrhage and rupture of hepatocellular adenomas. A single centre experience. Liver Int. 2006;26:433–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Huurman VA, Schaapherder AF. Management of ruptured hepatocellular adenoma. Dig Surg. 2010;27:56–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Landi F, De’ Angelis N, Scatton O, Vidal X, Ayav A, Muscari F, Dokmak S, Torzilli G, Demartines N, Soubrane O, Cherqui D, Hardwigsen J, Laurent A. Short-term outcomes of laparoscopic vs. open liver resection for hepatocellular adenoma: a multicenter propensity score adjustment analysis by the AFC-HCA-2013 study group. Surg Endosc. 2017;31(10):4136–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Stoot JH, van der Linden E, Terpstra OT, Schaapherder AF. Life-saving therapy for haemorrhaging liver adenomas using selective arterial embolization. Br J Surg. 2007;94:1249–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. van Rosmalen BV, Coelen RJS, Bieze M, van Delden OM, Verheij J, Dejong CHC, van Gulik TM. Systematic review of transarterial embolization for hepatocellular adenomas. Br J Surg. 2017;104(7):823–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Deodhar A, Brody LA, Covey AM, Brown KT, Getrajdman GI. Bland embolization in the treatment of hepatic adenomas: preliminary experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011;22(6):795–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Kobayashi S, Sakaguchi H, Takatsuka M, Suekane T, Iwai S, Morikawa H, Enomoto M, Tamori A, Kawada N. Two cases of hepatocellular adenomatosis treated with transcatheter arterial embolization. Hepatol Int. 2009;3(2):416–20.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Smolock AR, Cristescu MM, Potretzke TA, Ziemlewicz TJ, Lubner MG, Hinshaw JL, Brace CL, Lee FT Jr. Microwave ablation for the treatment of hepatic adenomas. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2016;27(2):244–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Ahn SY, Park SY, Kweon YO, Tak WY, Bae HI, Cho SH. Successful treatment of multiple hepatocellular adenomas with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(42):7480–6.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. McDaniel JD, Kukreja K, Ristagno RL, Yazigi N, Nathan JD, Tiao G. Radiofrequency ablation of a large hepatic adenoma in a child. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48(6):E19–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Rhim H, Lim HK, Kim YS, Choi D. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular adenoma: initial experience in 10 patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23(8 Pt 2):e422–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Atwell TD, Brandhagen DJ, Charboneau JW, Nagorney DM, Callstrom MR, Farrell MA. Successful treatment of hepatocellular adenoma with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184(3):828–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Fujita S, Kushihata F, Herrmann GE, Mergo PJ, Liu C, Nelson D, Fujikawa T, Hemming AW. Combined hepatic resection and radiofrequency ablation for multiple hepatic adenomas. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;21(8):1351–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. van Vledder MG, van Aalten SM, Terkivatan T, de Man RA, Leertouwer T, Ijzermans JN. Safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular adenoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011;22:787–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Scheffer HJ, Melenhorst MC, van Tilborg AA, Nielsen K, van Nieuwkerk KM, de Vries RA, van den Tol PM, Meijerink MR. Percutaneous irreversible electroporation of a large centrally located hepatocellular adenoma in a woman with a pregnancy wish. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2015;38(4):1031–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Chiche L, David A1, Adam R, Oliverius MM, Klempnauer J, Vibert E, Colledan M, Lerut J, Mazzafero VV, Di-Sandro S, Laurent C, Scuderi V, Suc B, Troisi R, Bachelier P, Dumortier J, Gugenheim J, Mabrut JY, Gonzalez-Pinto I, Pruvot FR, Le-Treut YP, Navarro F, Ortiz-de-Urbina J, Salamé E, Spada M, Bioulac-Sage P. Liver transplantation for adenomatosis: European experience. Liver Transpl. 2016;22(4):516–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Chiche L, Dao T, Salamé E, Galais MP, Bouvard N, Schmutz G, Rousselot P, Bioulac-Sage P, Ségol P, Gignoux M. Liver adenomatosis: reappraisal, diagnosis, and surgical management: eight new cases and review of the literature. Ann Surg. 2000;231:74–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Reddy SK, Austin SL, Spencer-Manzon M, Koeberl DD, Clary BM, Desai DM, Smith AD, Kishnani PS. Liver transplantation for glycogen storage disease type Ia. J Hepatol. 2009;51:483–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Gordon-Burroughs S, Balogh J, Weiner MA, Monsour HP Jr, Schwartz MR, Gaber AO, Ghobrial RM. Liver transplantation in an adult with adenomatosis and congenital absence of the portal vein: a case report. Transplant Proc. 2014;46(7):2418–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Cobey FC, Salem RR. A review of liver masses in pregnancy and a proposed algorithm for their diagnosis and management. Am J Surg. 2004;187(2):181–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Noels JE, van Aalten SM, van der Windt DJ, Kok NF, de Man RA, Terkivatan T, Ijzermans JN. Management of hepatocellular adenoma during pregnancy. J Hepatol. 2011;54(3):553–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Klompenhouwer AJ, Sprengers D, Willemssen FE, Gaspersz MP, Ijzermans JN, De Man RA. Evidence of good prognosis of hepatocellular adenoma in post-menopausal women. J Hepatol. 2016;65(6):1163–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank Dr. Maxime Ronot (Department of Radiology, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France) and Dr. Nicolas Pote (Department of Pathology, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France) for providing us the radiological (Figs. 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4) and pathological (Fig. 12.1) illustrations and Dr. Roche-Lebrec for her editorial assistance and correction of the article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France

    Safi Dokmak

  2. Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France

    Safi Dokmak

Authors
  1. Safi Dokmak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Safi Dokmak .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Kenneth Cardona

  2. Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Shishir K. Maithel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dokmak, S. (2018). Pathological Classification and Surgical Approach to Hepatocellular Adenomas. In: Cardona, K., Maithel, S. (eds) Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91977-5_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91977-5_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91976-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91977-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation