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Intellectual Disability

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders

  • 54 Accesses

Synonyms

Cognitive delay; Developmental delay; Developmental disability (Ontario), Mental retardation (former term); Intellectual developmental disorder; Intellectual impairment; Learning disability (United Kingdom)

Short Description or Definition

The definition of intellectual disability (ID) is based on three criteria: (1) significant limitations in intellectual functioning; (2) significant limitations in adaptive behavior as expressed by conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills; and (3) age of onset before age 18 years (Schalock et al. 2010a). It is estimated that, among people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the occurrence of ID ranges from 25% to 42% (Maenner 2020). Estimates vary due to a number of methodological factors, including the design of the studies, the definitions of ASD and ID, and the ascertainment methods used (LaMalfa et al. 2004; Lecavalier et al. 2011; Matson and Shoemaker 2009; Maenner 2020). ASD is the second most common co-occurring mental...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Curry School of Education and Human Development University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Rose E. A. Nevill

  2. Nisonger Center, UCEDD, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Susan M. Havercamp

Authors
  1. Rose E. A. Nevill
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  2. Susan M. Havercamp
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Correspondence to Rose E. A. Nevill .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Fred R. Volkmar

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Nevill, R.E.A., Havercamp, S.M. (2021). Intellectual Disability. In: Volkmar, F.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_1641

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