Abstract
There are many etiologies causing the various phenotypic patterns of facial pain, some of which are more likely to be refractory to both medical management and often to first and sometimes second lines of more common surgical interventions. These surgical interventions usually target the peripheral component of the trigeminal nerve from its most distal aspect in the subcutaneous nerve endings of the face, to the location of its cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion located within Meckel’s cave, to its entry into the brainstem. When these approaches fail to provide relief, or when destructive interventions exacerbate pain, advanced neurosurgical interventions in central nervous system targets should be considered.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Goadsby PJ, Bartsch T, Dodick DW. Occipital nerve stimulation for headache: mechanisms and efficacy. Headache. 2008;48:313–8.
Goadsby PJ, Zagami AS. Stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus increases metabolic activity and blood flow in certain regions of the brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord of the cat. Brain. 1991;114(Pt 2):1001–11.
Hoskin KL, Bulmer DC, Lasalandra M, et al. Fos expression in the midbrain periaqueductal grey after trigeminovascular stimulation. J Anat. 2001;198:29–35.
Kanpolat Y, Tuna H, Bozkurt M, et al. Spinal and nucleus caudalis dorsal root entry zone operations for chronic pain. Neurosurgery. 2008;62:235–42; discussion 42–4.
Kanpolat Y, Al-Beyati E, Yakupoglu H. Staged bilateral nucleus caudalis DREZ lesioning for persistent idiopathic facial pain: exceptional case report. Turk Neurosurg. 2017;27:316–20.
Nashold BS Jr, el-Naggar AO, Ovelmen-Levitt J, et al. A new design of radiofrequency lesion electrodes for use in the caudalis nucleus DREZ operation. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 1994;80:1116–20.
Chivukula S, Tempel ZJ, Chen CJ, et al. Spinal and nucleus caudalis dorsal root entry zone lesioning for chronic pain: efficacy and outcomes. World Neurosurg. 2015;84:494–504.
Bullard DE, Nashold BS Jr. The caudalis DREZ for facial pain. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 1997;68:168–74.
Kanpolat Y, Deda H, Akyar S, et al. CT-guided trigeminal tractotomy. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1989;100:112–4.
Raslan AM. Percutaneous computed tomography-guided radiofrequency ablation of upper spinal cord pain pathways for cancer-related pain. Neurosurgery. 2008;62:226–33; discussion 33–4.
Thompson EM, Burchiel KJ, Raslan AM. Percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy-nucleotomy with use of intraoperative computed tomography and general anesthesia: report of 2 cases. Neurosurg Focus. 2013;35(3):E5.
Kanpolat Y, Caglar S, Akyar S, et al. CT-guided pain procedures for intractable pain in malignancy. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 1995;64:88–91.
Deer TR, Mekhail N, Petersen E, et al. The appropriate use of neurostimulation: stimulation of the intracranial and extracranial space and head for chronic pain. Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee. Neuromodulation. 2014;17:551–70; discussion 70.
Barolat G, Knobler RL, Lublin FD. Trigeminal neuralgia in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with high cervical spinal cord stimulation. Case report. Appl Neurophysiol. 1988;51:333–7.
Simpson BA, Bassett G, Davies K, et al. Cervical spinal cord stimulation for pain: a report on 41 patients. Neuromodulation. 2003;6:20–6.
Tomycz ND, Deibert CP, Moossy JJ. Cervicomedullary junction spinal cord stimulation for head and facial pain. Headache. 2011;51:418–25.
Sandwell SE, El-Naggar AO, Nettleton GS, et al. Trigeminal nucleus caudalis anatomy: guidance for radiofrequency dorsal root entry zone lesioning. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2010;88:269–76.
Chivukula S, Tempel ZJ, Weiner GM, et al. Cervical and cervicomedullary spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain: efficacy and outcomes. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2014;127:33–41.
Spiegel EA, Wycis HT. Mesencephalotomy in intractable facial pain. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1952;56:186–9.
Ivanishvili Z, Pujara S, Honey CM, et al. Stereotactic mesencephalotomy for palliative care pain control: a case report, literature review and plea to rediscover this operation. Br J Neurosurg. 2016;30:444–7.
Kim DR, Lee SW, Son BC. Stereotactic mesencephalotomy for cancer—related facial pain. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2014;56:71–4.
Roberts DG, Pouratian N. Stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of chronic intractable pain: a systematic review. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2017;13(5):543–51.
Jeanmonod D, Werner B, Morel A, et al. Transcranial magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound: noninvasive central lateral thalamotomy for chronic neuropathic pain. Neurosurg Focus. 2012;32:E1.
Spangler WJ, Cosgrove GR, Ballantine HT Jr, et al. Magnetic resonance image-guided stereotactic cingulotomy for intractable psychiatric disease. Neurosurgery. 1996;38:1071–6; discussion 6–8.
Sharim J, Pouratian N. Anterior cingulotomy for the treatment of chronic intractable pain: a systematic review. Pain Physician. 2016;19:537–50.
Bittar RG, Kar-Purkayastha I, Owen SL, et al. Deep brain stimulation for pain relief: a meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2005;12:515–9.
Abreu V, Vaz R, Rebelo V, et al. Thalamic deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain: efficacy at three years’ follow-up. Neuromodulation. 2017;20:504–13.
Levy R, Deer TR, Henderson J. Intracranial neurostimulation for pain control: a review. Pain Physician. 2010;13:157–65.
Broggi G, Franzini A, Leone M, et al. Update on neurosurgical treatment of chronic trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and atypical facial pain with deep brain stimulation of posterior hypothalamus: results and comments. Neurol Sci. 2007;28(Suppl 2):S138–45.
Boccard SG, Pereira EA, Moir L, et al. Long-term outcomes of deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain. Neurosurgery. 2013;72:221–30; discussion 31.
Melzack R. From the gate to the neuromatrix. Pain. 1999;Suppl 6:S121–6.
Russo JF, Sheth SA. Deep brain stimulation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. Neurosurg Focus. 2015;38:E11.
Lempka SF, Malone DA Jr, Hu B, et al. Randomized clinical trial of deep brain stimulation for poststroke pain. Ann Neurol. 2017;81:653–63.
Boccard SG, Fitzgerald JJ, Pereira EA, et al. Targeting the affective component of chronic pain: a case series of deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex. Neurosurgery. 2014;74:628–35; discussion 35–7.
Tsubokawa T, Katayama Y, Yamamoto T, et al. Treatment of thalamic pain by chronic motor cortex stimulation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1991;14:131–4.
Fontaine D, Hamani C, Lozano A. Efficacy and safety of motor cortex stimulation for chronic neuropathic pain: critical review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 2009;110:251–6.
Radic JA, Beauprie I, Chiasson P, et al. Motor cortex stimulation for neuropathic pain: a randomized cross-over trial. Can J Neurol Sci. 2015;42:401–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ben-Haim, S., Raslan, A.M., Machado, A. (2018). Advanced Neurosurgical Interventions. In: Suen, J., Petersen, E. (eds) Diagnosis and Management of Head and Face Pain. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90999-8_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90999-8_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90998-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90999-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)