Abstract
Among the key objectives of the smart grid technology are to foster the grid integration of renewable energy as well as market participation of domestic energy consumers through demand response program. Energy storage remains a key component of the smart grid. Past works on integration of energy storage at the domestic side of the electricity grid has identified the electric vehicle technology (EV) and the embedded energy storage (EES) technology, etc. However, it was difficult to compare between these technologies in terms of business incentives and technical performance. This was investigated in this work, and the results are presented. It was propose to use percentage difference to compare between VPP with EES and VPP with EV. The results shows that the difference in prosumers incentives between VPP with EES and VPP with EV is very low. It is approximately 0.89%. However, the percentage difference in VPP operator profit between VPP with EES and VPP with EV is very high. It is approximately 85.3%. The VPP makes very high profit in the VPP EES case compared to VPP EV case. The same also applies to the VPP cumulative performance where the percentage difference in the VPP cumulative performance between VPP with EES and VPP with EV is approximately 10.9%. This has implication on the storage mechanism to be integrated in to a VPP at the domestic level as well the business model to be adopted.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chen, H., Cong, T.N., Yang, W., Tan, C., Li, Y., Ding, Y.: Progress in electrical energy storage system: a critical review. Prog. Nat. Sci. 19, 291–312 (2009)
Ferreira, H.L., Garde, R., Fulli, G., Kling, W., Lopes, J.P.: Characterisation of electrical energy storage technologies. Energy 53, 288–298 (2013)
Akhil, A.A., Georgianne, H., Currier, A.B., Kaun, B.C., Rastler, D.M., Chen, S.B.: DOE/EPRI Electricity storage handbook. Sandia national laboratories (2013)
Masaud, T.M., Lee, K., Sen, P.: An overview of energy storage technologies in electric power systems: What is the future?. In: North American Power Symposium (NAPS), pp. 1–6 (2010)
Boicea, V.A.: Energy Storage Technologies: The Past and the Present. Proc. IEEE 102(11), 1777–1794 (2014)
Medina, P., Bizuayehu, A., Catalão, J.P., Rodrigues, E., Contreras, J.: Electrical energy storage systems: technologies’ state-of-the-art, techno-economic benefits and applications analysis. In: 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference System Sciences (HICSS), pp. 2295–2304 (2014)
IEA.: Technology roadmap: energy storage. Paris (2014)
Kempton, W., Tomic, J., Letendre, S., Brooks, A., Lipman, T.: Vehicle-to-grid power: battery, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles as resources for distributed electric power in California. Institute of Transportation Studies (2001)
Kempton, W., Letendre, S.E.: Electric vehicles as a new power source for electric utilities. Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 2(3), 157–175 (1997)
Kempton, W., Tomic, J.: Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: calculating capacity and net revenue. J. Power Sources 144, 268–279 (2005)
Fei, T., Strbac, G.: Business cases for energy storage with multiple service provision. J. Mod Power Syst. Clean Energy 4, 615–625 (2016)
Okpako, O., Rajamani, H., Pillai, P., Anuebunwa, U., Swarup, K.: Investigation of an Optimized energy resource allocation algorithm for a community based virtual power plant. In: Proceedings of 2016 IEEE PES Power Africa Conference, Livingstone, Zambia, pp. 153–157 (2016)
Okpako, O., Rajamani, H., Pillai, P., Anuebunwa, U., Swarup, K.: Evaluation of community virtual power plant under various pricing schemes. In: Proceedings of 2016 IEEE Smart Energy Grid Engineering Conference, Oshawa, Canada, pp. 72–78 (2016)
Guille, C., Gross, G.: A conceptual framework for the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) implementation. Energy Policy 37, 4379–4390 (2009)
Jingshan, L., Shiyu, Z., Yehui, H.: Federal and state incentives heighten consumer interest in electric vehicles. In: Advances in Battery Manufacturing, Service, and Management Systems, p. 416. Wiley-IEEE Press (2017)
Lopes, J.A.P., Soares, F.J., Almeida, P.M.R.: Integration of electric vehicles in the electric power system. Proc. IEEE 99, 168–183 (2011)
Iria, J., Soares, F., Franchin, I., Silva, N.: Development of a novel management system for electric vehicle charging. In: 2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC), pp. 1–7 (2014)
Heydt, G.T.: The impact of electric vehicle deployment on load management straregies. IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst. 1253–1259 (1983)
Wu, D., Aliprantis, D.C., Ying, L.: Load scheduling and dispatch for aggregators of plug-in electric vehicles. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 3(1), 368–376 (2012)
Xcel Energy Hourly Load Profile. https://www.xcelenergy.com/staticfiles/xe/Corporate/Corporate%20PDFs/AppendixD-Hourly_Load_Profiles.pdf
Okpako, O., Rajamani, H., Pillai, P., Anuebunwa, U., Swarup, K.: A new performance index for evaluating community virtual power plant with domestic storage. In: Proceedings of 2017 IEEE PES General Meeting, Chicago, USA (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Okpako, O., Rajamani, HS., Pillai, P., Anuebunwa, U., Shanti Swarup, K. (2018). A Comparative Assessment of Embedded Energy Storage and Electric Vehicle Integration in a Community Virtual Power Plant. In: Pillai, P., Sithamparanathan, K., Giambene, G., Vázquez, M., Mitchell, P. (eds) Wireless and Satellite Systems. WiSATS 2017. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 231. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76571-6_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76571-6_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76570-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76571-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)