Skip to main content

Role of Sub-national Actors in North American Security

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Regional and Global Security
  • 265 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter examines the nature and potential concerns and challenges of still unexplored phenomenon of sub-national actors’ activity in the world politics, especially in the North America. The chapter finds that American non-central governments, even have clear agenda in foreign affairs, are more limited by structured ideas and through structured institutions, than through interests on the states’ level. The chapter also argues that to deal with the rise of states’ activity in foreign affairs, more attention should be given to the question of change and continuity in relations between central and non-central governments, but also between sub-national governments in the North America.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Pacific NorthWest Economic Region consists of five American states (Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington) and five Canadian counterparts (Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, the Yukon, and the Northwest Territories).

  2. 2.

    Border Governors Conference consists of Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas.

  3. 3.

    Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc., 294 U.S. 511, 523 (1935).

Bibliography

  • Abu-Laban, Yasmeen, François Rocher, and Radha Jhappan. 2007. Politics in North America: Redefining Continental Relations. Peterborough: Broadview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adelman, David, and Kirsten H. Engel. 2008. Adaptive Federalism: The Case Against Reallocating Environmental Regulatory Authority. Minnesota Law Review 92 (6): 1796–1850.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bache, Ian, and Matthew Flinders (eds.). 2004. Multi-level Governance. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benz, Arthur. 2012. Yardstick Competition and Policy Learning in Multi-level Systems. Regional & Federal Studies 22 (3): 251–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2012.688270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bilder, Richard. 1989. The Role of States and Cities in Foreign Relations. American Journal of International Law 83 (4): 821–839.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blatter, Joachim. 2001. Debordering the World of States. European Journal of International Relations 7 (2): 175–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066101007002002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornago, Noé. 2010. On the Normalization of Sub-state Diplomacy. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 5 (1–2): 11–36. https://doi.org/10.1163/187119110X12574289877326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Domínguez, Jorge I., and Rafael Fernández de Castro. 2001. The United States and Mexico: Between Partnership and Conflict. New York and London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duchacek, Ivo D. 1990. Perforated Sovereignties: Towards a Typology of New Actors in International Relations. In Federalism and International Relations: The Role of Subnational Units, ed. Hans J. Michelmann and Panayotis Soldatos, 1–33. Oxford: Clarednon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eatmon, Thomas D. 2009. Paradiplomacy and Climate Change: American States as Actors in Global Climate Governance. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 1 (2): 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390450902789275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elazar, Daniel. 1984. American Federalism: A View from the States, 3rd ed. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, Kirsten H. 2009. Whither Subnational Climate Change Initiatives in the Wake of Federal Climate Legislation? Publius: The Journal of Federalism 39 (3): 432–454. https://doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjp008.

  • Fry, Earl H. 1990. State and Local Governments in the International Arena. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 509 (1): 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716290509001011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner Edwin I., Jr., Robert S. Montjoy, and Douglas J. Watson. 2001. Moving into Global Competition: A Case Study of Alabama’s Recruitment of Mercedes‐Benz. Review of Policy Research 18 (3): 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2001.tb00196.x.

  • Gress, Franz. 1996. Interstate Cooperation and Territorial Representation in Intermestic Politics. Publius 26 (1): 53–71. https://doi.org/10.2307/3330756.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halberstam, Daniel. 2001. Foreign Affairs of Federal Systems: A National Perspective on the Benefits of State Participation. The Villanova Law Review 46 (5): 1015–1068.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, A., J. Madison, and J. Jay. 2007. The Federalist Papers. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henkin, Louis. 1996. Foreign Affairs and the Constitution, 2nd ed. New York and London: W. W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollis, Duncan B. 2010. Unpacking the Compact Clause. Texas Law Review 88 (4): 741–806.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooghe, Liesbet, and Gary Marks. 2003. Unraveling the Central State, but How?: Types of Multi-level Governance. American Political Science Review 97 (2): 233–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooghe, Liesbet, and Gary Marks. 2013. Beyond Federalism: Estimating and Explaining the Territorial Structure of Government. Publius: The Journal of Federalism 43 (2): 179–204. https://doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjs029.

  • Howard, Peter. 2004. The Growing Role of States in U.S. Foreign Policy: The Case of the State Partnership Program. International Studies Perspectives 5 (2): 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-3577.2004.00168.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazazis, Alexander. 2012. Western Climate Initiative: The Fate of an Experiment in Subnational Cross-Border Environmental Collaboration. The Brooklyn Journal of International Law 37 (3): 1177–1214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kincaid, John. 2011. The U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations: Unique Artifact of a Bygone Era. Public Administration Review 71 (2): 181–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ku, Julian G. 2003. The State of New York Does Exist: How the States Control Complicance with International Law. North Carolina Law Review 82: 457–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaCroix, Alison L. 2010. The Ideological Origins of American Federalism. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maunula, Marko. 2010. Guten Tag, Y’all: Globalization and the South Carolina Piedmont, 1950–2000. Athens and London: University of Georgia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAllister, Lesley K. 2009. Regional Climate Regulation: From State Competition to State Collaboration. San Diego Journal of Climate & Energy Law 1: 81–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pacheco, Marc R. 2008. Going Global. Commonwealth Magazine, 87–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paquin, Stéphane, and Annie Chaloux. 2012. Green Paradiplomacy in North America: Successes and Limits of the NEG-ECP. In Sustainable Development and Subnational Governments: Policy-Making and Multi-level Interactions, ed. Hans Bruyninckx, Sander Happaerts, and Karoline van den Brande, 217–236. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, B. Guy, and Jon Pierre. 2004. Multi-level Governance and Democracy: A Faustian Bargain? In Multi-level Governance, ed. Ian Bache and Matthew V. Flinders, 75–89. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabe, Barry. 2011. Contested Federalism and American Climate Policy. Publius: The Journal of Federalism 41 (3): 494–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rakove, Jack N. 2007. James Madison and the Creation of the American Republic, 3rd ed. New York: Pearson-Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnik, Judith. 2009. What’s Federalism for? In The Consitution in 2020, ed. Jack M. Balkin and Reva B. Siegel, 269–284. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sackinger, R. Bruce. 2005. Paradiplomatic Maneuvers on the Longest Undefended Border: National and Subnational Fire Protection Agreements between Canada and the United States. Willamette Journal of International Law and Dispute Resolution 13 (2): 319–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, Paul. 2009. Diplomatic Theory of International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Spiro, Peter J. 1999. Foreign Relations Federalism. University of Colorado Law Review 70: 1223–1276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stumberg, Robert, and Matthew C. Porterfield. 2001. Who Preempted the Massachusetts Burma Law? Federalism and Political Accountability Under Global Trade Rules. Publius: The Journal of Federalism 31 (3): 173–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swaine, Edward T. 2000. Crosby as Foreign Relations Law. Virginia Journal of International Law 41 (2): 481–508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trachtman, J.P. 1998. Nonactor States in US Foreign Relations: The Massachusetts Burma Law. American Society of International Law Proceedings 92: 350–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verney, Douglas V. 1995. Federalism, Federative Systems, and Federations: The United States, Canada, and India. Publius 25 (2): 81–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, Leanne M. 2007. The Fate of the Dormant Foreign Commerce Clause after Garamendi and Crosby. Columbia Law Review 107 (3): 746–789.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paweł Frankowski .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Frankowski, P. (2018). Role of Sub-national Actors in North American Security. In: Frankowski, P., Gruszczak, A. (eds) Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Regional and Global Security . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75280-8_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics