Abstract
Before the advent of FACTS controllers, breaker-switched capacitors and inductors were used to provide a stepwise balance of vars (reactive power) for transmission and distribution systems; synchronous compensators were installed at some substations to provide a continuously variable reactive power output, but these machines were expensive and needed regular maintenance.
Prior to the availability of power electronic devices, Dr. E S Friedlander developed the first static voltage stabilizers, based on the properties and characteristics of saturated iron. Similarly to synchronous compensators, these “static var compensators” (SVCs) had a continuously variable output, but they were capable of a much faster response than synchronous compensators and had other advantages. For over two decades, they found widespread use in transmission and distribution systems. This chapter describes saturated reactor-based var controllers and provides application examples.
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Notes
- 1.
Friedlander needed to identify a filter design which would provide damping for low order harmonic frequencies without introducing significant losses at fundamental frequency. He compared about eight possibilities and decided to use the third item in his alphabetical list, “C”. Thus, “C-Filter” became the shorthand reference for this filter arrangement.
References
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Young, D.J. (2020). Controllers Using the Saturation of Iron for AC Network Control. In: Nilsson, S. (eds) Flexible AC Transmission Systems . CIGRE Green Books. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71926-9_29-2
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Controllers Using the Saturation of Iron for AC Network Control- Published:
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71926-9_29-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71926-9_29-1