Abstract
Based on the physical concepts of electronic imaging introduced in the previous chapter, this chapter focusses on the image sensor technology in the context of PIV image recording. Loosely based on the historical development of CCD image sensor technology, the chapter describes the advancements such as on-chip intermediate storage, asynchronous triggering and the lens-on-chip technique that were instrumental in making the “double-shutter” PIV camera possible, that has been the workhorse throughout the PIV community for the past two decades. Details such as the synchronization of these cameras with the light source are covered. Driven by the consumer market, CMOS imaging is nowadays increasingly replacing the CCD sensor in PIV-suitable cameras, in particular, through the introduction of low noise imagers such as the scientific CMOS. Beyond this, high-speed CMOS imager allow the extension of PIV technique to capture temporally highly resolved velocity data at rates in excess of 10,000 recordings per second.
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Notes
- 1.
Strictly speaking color coding is a form of multi-frame/single-exposure PIV: the color recordings can be separated into different color channels containing single exposed particle images.
- 2.
In case of a back-illuminated CCD, the photo-active parts are illuminated from “behind” through the silicon-substrate. Therefore, the back of the device is thinned down to \(\text{ O }[10]\,\upmu \text {m}\) and coated to avoid reflections.
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Raffel, M., Willert, C.E., Scarano, F., Kähler, C.J., Wereley, S.T., Kompenhans, J. (2018). Recording Techniques for PIV. In: Particle Image Velocimetry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68852-7_3
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