Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Osteoporosis and Metabolic Spine Disease

Imaging Findings

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Clinical Neuroradiology

  • 3293 Accesses

Abstract

Osteoporosis is condition characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and disruption of bone microarchitecture leading to fractures, mostly affecting women and elderly patients. Alongside with hip and wrist fractures, the vertebral spine is frequently involved. An important diagnostic challenge is differential diagnosis between benign and malignant osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Radiological techniques, especially MRI, can provide a crucial role in this differentiation.

Osteoporosis can occur as primary disease or occur secondary to other pathological entities, such as endocrine and metabolic diseases that may interfere with normal bone metabolism causing reduction in bone strength, leading to spine fracture and pain. Clinical neuroradiology plays an important role in the consideration of these alternative causes.

This publication is endorsed by: European Society of Neuroradiology (www.esnr.org).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 979.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 1,399.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ADC:

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient

BMD:

Bone Mineral Density

BS:

Bone scintigraphy

CKD:

Chronic kidneys disease

CT:

Computed Tomography

DCE:

Dynamic contrast enhanced

DEXA:

Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry

DWI:

Diffusion Weighted Imaging

ISCD:

International Society for Clinical Densitometry

MRI:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PTH:

Parathyroid hormone

SIF:

Sacral Insufficiency fractures

SPECT:

Single photon emission CT

STIR:

Short t inversion recovery

WHO:

World Health Organization

References

  • Ballane G, Cauley JA, Luckey MM, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Worldwide prevalence and incidence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(5):1531–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baur A, Stäbler A, Arbogast S, Duerr HR. Acute osteoporotic and neoplastic vertebral compression fractures: fluid sign at MR imaging. Radiology. 2002;225(3):730–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bencardino JT, Stone TJ, Roberts CC, Appel M, Baccei SJ, Cassidy RC, Chang EY, Fox MG, Greenspan BS, Gyftopoulos S, Hochman MG, Jacobson JA, Mintz DN, Mlady GW, Newman JS, Rosenberg ZS, Shah NA, Small KM, Weissman BN. ACR appropriateness criteria® stress (fatigue/insufficiency) fracture, including sacrum, excluding other vertebrae. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017;14(5):S293–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biffar A, Sourbron S, Dietrich O, Duerr HR, Reiser MF, Baur-Melnyk A. Combined diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging of patients with acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Eur J Radiol. 2010;76:298–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cho WI, Chang UK. Comparison of MR imaging and FDG-PET/CT in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;14:177–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cicala D, Briganti F, Casale L, Rossi C, Cagini L, Cesarano E, Brunese L, Giganti M. Atraumatic vertebral compression fractures: differential diagnosis between benign osteoporotic and malignant fractures by MRI. Musculoskelet Surg. 2013;97(2):169–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geith T, Biffar A, Schmidt G, Dürr HR, Reiser M, Baur-Melnyk A. Quantitative analysis of acute benign and malignant vertebral body fractures using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Am J Roentgenol. 2013;200:635–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Genant HK, Jergas M, Palermo L, Nevitt M, Valentin RS, Black D, Cummings SR. Comparison of semiquantitative visual and quantitative morphometric assessment of prevalent and incident vertebral fractures in osteoporosis. The study of osteoporotic fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res. 1996;11(7):984–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gnanasegaran G, Cook G, Adamson K, Fogelman I. Patterns, variants, artifacts, and pitfalls in conventional radionuclide bone imaging and SPECT/CT. Semin Nucl Med. 2009;39(6):380–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krestan CR, Nemec U, Nemec S. Imaging of insufficiency fractures. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2011;15(3):198–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyders EM, Whitlow CT, Baker MD, Morris PP. Imaging and treatment of sacral insufficiency. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31(2):201–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Suggested Reading

  • Fan YL, Peh WC. Radiology of osteoporosis: old and new findings. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2016;20(3):235–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guglielmi G, Muscarella S, Bazzocchi A. Integrated imaging approach to osteoporosis: state-of-the-art review and update. RadioGraphics. 2011;31:1343–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwaiger BJ, Gersing AS, Baum T, Krestan CR, Kirschke JS. Distinguish benign and malignat vertebral fractures using CT and MRI. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2016;20(4):345–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sözen T, Özışık L, Başaran NC. An overview and management of osteoporosis. Eur J Rheumatol. 2017;4:46–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Neuroradiology. Department of Radiology, S. Giovanni Rotondo Hospital, Foggia, Italy

    Teresa Popolizio

  2. Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Roberto Izzo

  3. Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy

    Teresa Popolizio & Roberto Izzo

Authors
  1. Teresa Popolizio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Roberto Izzo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roberto Izzo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Frederik Barkhof

  2. The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and University College Hospital (UCH), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK

    Hans Rolf Jäger

  3. Section of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, University Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Majda M. Thurnher

  4. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Professor of Radiology and Neuroimmunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain

    Àlex Rovira

Section Editor information

  1. Neuroradiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Mario Muto

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Popolizio, T., Izzo, R. (2019). Osteoporosis and Metabolic Spine Disease. In: Barkhof, F., Jäger, H., Thurnher, M., Rovira, À. (eds) Clinical Neuroradiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68536-6_81

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68536-6_81

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68535-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68536-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation