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Rarer Systemic Causes of Ischemic Stroke

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Clinical Neuroradiology

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Abstract

Major artery disease and small vessel disease constitute the main causes of ischemic stroke. However, ischemic stroke can also occur as a complication of systemic diseases, some of which, such as systemic vasculitides, have been discussed elsewhere in this book. This chapter describes several rarer systemic causes of ischemic stroke and the role of clinical neuroradiology in the differential diagnosis and monitoring of complications. The effects of hematological conditions like antiphospholipid syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and sickle cell disease on the brain will be described. MELAS is one the most important hereditary syndromes that causes ischemic-like neurological deficits. Sneddon’s syndrome is characterized by a combination of skin disease and cerebral lesion. In these rare diseases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred radiological technique for identification of subtle abnormalities and to narrow the differential diagnosis.

This publication is endorsed by: European Society of Neuroradiology (www.esnr.org).

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Abbreviations

ACA:

Anterior cerebral artery

ADAMTS-13:

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13

APS:

Antiphospholipid syndrome

ASL:

Arterial spin labelling

CSF:

Cerebral spinal fluid

CT:

Computed tomography

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DWI:

Diffusion weighted imaging

FLAIR:

Fluid attenuated inversion recovery

HbSS:

Homozygous hemoglobin S

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

MCA:

Middle cerebral artery

MELAS:

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes

MM:

Multiple myeloma

MRA:

Magnetic resonance angiography

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

PCA:

Posterior cerebral artery

PRES:

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

SCD:

Sickle cell disease

SLE:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

SS:

Sneddon’s syndrome

SWI:

Susceptibility weighted imaging

T1w:

T1 weighted

T2w:

T2 weighted

TIA:

Transient ischemic attack

TCD:

Transcranial Doppler

TOF-MRA:

Time of flight magnetic resonance angiography

TTP:

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

VZV:

Varizella zoster virus

WM:

Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

WML:

White matter lesions

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College Hospitals London, London, UK

    Patricia Svrckova

  2. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Aad van der Lugt

Authors
  1. Patricia Svrckova
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  2. Aad van der Lugt
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patricia Svrckova .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Frederik Barkhof

  2. The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and University College Hospital (UCH), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK

    Hans Rolf Jäger

  3. Section of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, University Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Majda M. Thurnher

  4. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Professor of Radiology and Neuroimmunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain

    Àlex Rovira

Section Editor information

  1. Institut und Poliklinik für Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Dresden, Saxonia, Germany

    Rüdiger von Kummer

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Svrckova, P., van der Lugt, A. (2019). Rarer Systemic Causes of Ischemic Stroke. In: Barkhof, F., Jäger, H., Thurnher, M., Rovira, À. (eds) Clinical Neuroradiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68536-6_26

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68536-6_26

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68535-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68536-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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