Abstract
This chapter explains how sport resistance illustrates alternative notions of play and living well. For the Global South, the anti-colonial struggles were significant for the elaboration of local sports cultures. In the contemporary context of market-driven sports consumer culture, the socialisation and democratisation of sports markets relates to contentious collective action by different social movements , particularly the labour movement . Organising sports labour also relates to building alliances with manufacturing workers in global production networks of sporting goods as well as the media. The resistance against sports mega-events in the Global South illustrates forms of urban protests , asserting public spaces and community control. Re-embedding sports markets within communities involves contesting hegemonic heterosexual able-bodied masculine sports cultures, which requires reimaging work and play , and notions of development in terms of “living well ”.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Amin, Samir. 1997. Capitalism in the Age of Globalisation: The Management of Contemporary Society. London: Zed Books.
Amin, Samir, G. Arrighi, A.G. Frank, and I. Wallerstein. 1991. Transforming the Revolution: Social Movements and the World-System. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Armbruster-Sandoval, Ralph. 2004. Globalization and Cross-Border Labor Solidarity in the Americas: The Anti-Sweatshop Movement and the Struggle for Social Justice. London: Routledge.
Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). 2011a. Games Chief Dodges Slipper, Remanded in Custody, April 26. Accessed July 27. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-04-26/games-chief-dodges-slipper-remanded-in-custody/2668648
———. 2011b. Indian Police Arrest Top Games Officials, February 24. Accessed July 2017. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-02-24/indian-police-arrest-top-games-officials/1955274
———. 2012. MP Wants Apology to Blacklisted Olympian Peter Norman, August 20. Accessed July 2017. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-08-20/blacklisted-athlete-peter-norman-may-get-apology/4209788
Bandopdhyay, Sabyasachi. 2010. Over 100 Died in CWG Construction Work: CITU. Indian Express, October 27. Accessed July 2017. http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/over-100-died-in-cwg-construction-work-citu/
Barker, Colin, Laurence Cox, John Krinsky, and Alf Gunvald Nilsen, eds. 2013. Marxism and Social Movements. Leiden: Brill.
Beder, Sharon. 2002. Putting the Boot In. The Ecologist 32 (3): 24–28.
Bhaskar, Roy. 1989. Reclaiming Reality: A Critical Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy. London: Verso.
———. 1993. Dialectic: The Pulse of Freedom. London: Verso.
Biyanwila, Janaka. 2010. The Labour Movement in the Global South: Trade Unions in Sri Lanka. London: Routedge.
Black, David, and R. Janis Van Der Westhuizen. 2004. Special Issue: Going Global: The Promises and Pitfalls of Hosting Global Games. Third World Quarterly 27 (7): 1195–1214.
Bottomore, Tom, ed. 1991. A Dictionary of Marxist Thought. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Brady, M. 2005. Creating Safe Spaces and Building Social Assets for Young Women in the Developing World: A New Role for Sports. Women’s Studies Quarterly 33 (1/2): 35–50.
Butler, Sarah. 2013. Bangladeshi Factory Deaths Spark Action Among High-Street Clothing Chains. The Guardian, June 23. Accessed July 2016. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/23/rana-plaza-factory-disaster-bangladesh-primark
Carter, Thomas F. 2007. Family Networks, State Interventions and the Experience of Cuban Transnational Sport Migration. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 42 (4): 371–390.
Christenson, Marcus, and Paul Kelso. 2004. Soccer Chief’s Plan to Boost Women’s Game? Hotpants. The Guardian, January 16. Accessed July 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/jan/16/football.gender
CleanClothes (CC). 2012. Abuses Still Exist in Olympic Supply Chains, Says Playfair 2012. Accessed July 2016. http://www.cleanclothes.org/news/2012/05/07/abuses-still-exist-in-olympic-supply-chains-says-playfair-2012
Collins, Tony. 2013. Sport in Capitalist Society: A Short History. Abingdon: Routledge.
Connor, Tim, and Kelly Dent. 2006. Offside!: Labour Rights and Sportswear Production in Asia. http://www.oxfam.org.au/explore/workers-rights
Cooky, C., R. Dycus, and S. Dworkin. 2012. What Makes a Woman a Woman?’ Vs. ‘Our First Lady of Sport’: A Comparative Analysis of United States and South African Media Coverage of Caster Semenya and South African News Media. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 37 (1): 31–56.
Counter Olympics Network (CON). 2012. Introduction. Accessed July 2017. http://counterolympicsnetwork.wordpress.com/about/
Dart, Jon, and Stephen Wagg, eds. 2016. Sport, Protest and Globalisation: Stopping Play. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dickens, P. 1996. Reconstructing Nature, Alienation, Emancipation and the Division of Labour. London: Routledge.
Dimeo, P. 2003. ‘A Parcel of Dummies’? Sport and the Body in Indian History. In Confronting the Body: The Politics of Physicality in Colonial and Post-Colonial India, ed. James Mills and Satadru Sen. London: Anthem.
Domingos, N. 2007. Football and Colonialism, Domination and Appropriation. Soccer & Society 8 (4): 478–494.
Duncan, M.C., and C.A. Hasbrook. 1988. Denial of Power in Televised Women’s Sports. Sociology of Sport Journal 5 (1): 1–21.
Edwards, H. 2011. Share the Wealth. Chronicle of Higher Education, 58 (17). Accessed July 2016. http://www.chronicle.com/article/Share-the-Wealth/130067/
———. 2017. The Revolt of the Black Athlete. 5 anniversary ed. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Field, Russell., ed. 2015. Playing for Change: The Continuing Struggle for Sport and Recreation. Buffalo, NY: University of Toronto Press.
Field, Russell, and Bruce Kidd, eds. 2011. Forty Years of Sport and Social Change, 1968–2008 “To Remember Is to Resist”. Sport in the Global Society – Contemporary Perspectives. New York: Routledge.
Forsyth, Janice, and Kevin B. Wamsley. 2006. ‘Native to Native … We’ll Recapture Our Spirits’: The World Indigenous Nations Games and North American Indigenous Games as Cultural Resistance. The International Journal of the History of Sport 23 (2): 294–314.
Fraser, Nancy. 2005. Reframing Justice in a Globalising World. New Left Review, 36. Accessed July 2017. https://newleftreview.org/II/36/nancy-fraser-reframing-justice-in-a-globalizing-world
———. 2009. Who Counts? Dilemmas of Justice in a Postwestphalian World. Antipode 41 (s1): 281–297.
Fuller, Linda K., ed. 2006. Sport, Rhetoric, and Gender: Historical Perspectives and Media Representations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gibbon, Peter. 2002. Some Reflections on ‘Civil Society’ and Political Change. In Democratisation in the Third World: Concrete Cases in Comparative and Theoretical Perspectives, ed. Lars Rudebeck, Olle Tornquist, and Virilio Rojas. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gilbert, K., and O. Schantz, eds. 2008. The Paralympic Games: Empowerment or Side Show? Maidenhead, Berkshire: Meyer & Meyer.
Giulianotti, R., and Susan Brownell. 2012. Olympic and World Sport: Making Transnational Society? The British Journal of Sociology 63 (2): 199–215.
Gramsci, A. 1971. Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. Edited and translated by Hoare Q. Nowell-Smith. London: G. Lawrence & Wishart.
Hall, Donald, ed. 1994. Muscular Christianity: Embodying the Victorian Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hargreaves, Jennifer. 1997. Women’s Sport, Development, and Cultural Diversity: The South African Experience. Women’s Studies International Forum 20: 191–209.
———. 1999. The Women’s International Sports Movement: Local-Global Strategies and Empowerment. Women’s Studies International Forum 22 (5): 461–471.
Hargreaves, Jennifer, and Patricia Vertinsky, eds. 2007. Physical Culture, Power, and the Body. Routledge Critical Studies in Sport. London: Routledge.
Harvey, David. 2012. Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution. New York and London: Verso.
Harvey, J., J. Horne, and P. Safai. 2009. Alterglobalization, Global Social Movements, and the Possibility of Political Transformation Through Sport. Sociology of Sport Journal 26 (3): 383–403.
Harvey, J., J. Horne, P. Safai, Simon Darnell, and Sebestien Courchesne-O’Neill. 2013. Sport and Social Movements: From Local to the Global. London: Bloomsbury.
Hedges, C. 2009. Empire of Illusion: The End of Literacy and the Triumph of Spectacle. Toronto: Knopf.
Hogan, Jackie. 2003. Staging the Nation: Gendered and Ethnicized Discourses of National Identity in Olympic Opening Ceremonies. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 27 (2): 100–123.
Housing and Land Rights Network (HLRN). 2011. Habitat International Coalition, Planned Dispossession, Forced Evictions and 2010 Commonwealth Games, Fact Finding Mission Report 14. Accessed July 2017. http://www.hic-sarp.org/documents/Planned%20Dispossession.pdf
IndustriAll. 2012. Unions Push to Get Rio Tinto Off the Olympic Podium. Accessed July 2017. http://www.industriall-union.org/archive/imf/unions-push-to-get-rio-tinto-off-the-olympic-podium
———. 2013. Walmart/Gap Bangladesh Safety Plan: Pale Imitation of Accord. Accessed July 2017. http://www.industriall-union.org/walmart-gap-bangladesh-safety-plan-pale-imitation-of-accord
International Labour Organisation (ILO). 2016. World Employment Social Outlook: Trends for Youth. Accessed September 2016. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_513739.pdf
International Textile, Garment and Leather Workers’ Federation (ITGLWF). 2012. Fair Games?: Human Rights of Workers in Olympic 2012 Supplier Factories. Accessed July 2017. http://www.play-fair.org/media/wp-content/uploads/Workers-in-Olympic-supplier-factories_May-2012.pdf
Kane, M.J. 1995. Resistance/Transformation of the Oppositional Binary: Exposing Sport as a Continuum. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 19 (2): 191–218.
Kidd, B. 2008. A New Social Movement: Sport for Development and Peace. Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics 11 (4): 370–380.
Korzeniewicz, M. 1994. Commodity Chains and Marketing Strategies: Nike and the Global Athletic Footwear Industry. In Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism, ed. G. Gereffi and M. Korzeniewicz, 247–265. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Kothari, Ashish, Federico Demaria, and Alberto Acosta. 2014. Buen Vivir, Degrowth and Ecological Swaraj: Alternatives to Sustainable Development and the Green Economy. Development 57: 362.
Lander, Edgardo. 2011. The Green Economy: The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing. Transnational Institute, Policy Briefing. Accessed July 2015. http://www.tni.org/report/green-economy-wolf-sheeps-clothing
Lenskyj, Helen Jefferson. 1986. Out of Bounds: Women, Sport and Sexuality. Toronto: Women’s Press.
———. 2008. Olympic Industry Resistance: Challenging Olympic Power and Propaganda. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Levermore, R. 2011. The Paucity of, and Dilemma in, Evaluating Corporate Social Responsibility for Development Through Sport. Third World Quarterly 32 (3): 551–569.
Lipsig-Mumme, C. 1997. The Politics of a New Service Economy. In Work of the Future: Global Perspectives, ed. P. James, W.J. Weit, and S. Wright, 109–125. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Lowes, Mark Douglas. 2002. Indy Dreams and Urban Nightmares: Speed Merchants, Spectacle, and the Struggle over Public Space in the World-Class City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
MacAloon, John. 2006. Introduction: Muscular Christianity After 150 Years. The International Journal of the History of Sport 23 (5): 687–700. Special Issue: Muscular Christianity in Colonial and Post-Colonial Worlds.
Magdoff, Fred. 2011. Ecological Civilization. Monthly Review 62 (8): 1–25.
Maguire, J. 1999. The Sports Industry, Global Commodity Chains and Sustainable Sport. In Global Sport: Identities, Societies, Civilization, 128–143. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Martin, James. 1998. Gramsci’s Political Analysis: A Critical Introduction. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
McGrath, Molly. 2002. Students Against Sweatshops: The Making of a Movement. London: Verso.
Melucci, Alberto. 1989. Nomads of the Present: Social Movements and Individual Needs in Contemporary Society. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Merk, Jeroen. 2014. Living Wage in Asia, Clean Clothes Campaign. Accessed October 2016. https://cleanclothes.org/resources/publications/asia-wage-report
Millward, Peter. 2011. The Global Football League: Transnational Networks, Social Movements and Sport in the New Media Age. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Morgan, William John. 1997. Yet Another Critical Look at Hegemony Theory. Sociology of Sport Journal 14 (2): 187–195.
Mouffe, C., ed. 1992. Dimensions of Radical Democracy. London: Verso.
Nilsen, Alf Gunvald, and Laurence Cox. 2013. What would a Marxist Theory of Social Movements Look Like? In Marxism and Social Movements, ed. Colin Barker, Laurence Cox, John Krinsky, and Alf Gunvald Nilsen. Leiden: Brill.
O’Donoghue, Amy, and Faduma Hassan. 2012. Victory for Free Speech as Olympic Protestors Speak Out. Accessed July 2017. http://www.counterfire.org/index.php/news/15934-victory-for-free-speech-as-olympic-protestors-speak-out#sthash.n3hkOfmg.dpuf
Oxfam. 2012a. Fair Games?: Human Rights of Workers in Olympic 2012 Supplier Factories. Accessed July 2017. http://www.play-fair.org/media/wp-content/uploads/Workers-in-Olympic-supplier-factories_May-2012.pdf
———. 2012b. Offside! Labour Rights and Sportswear Production in Asia. Accessed September 2016. http://www.maketradefair.com/en/index.php?file=offside_pr01.htm
Palmer, Walter. 2016. It Is Time for a Global Framework Agreement in World Sport. Global Labour Column, August. Accessed July 2016. http://column.global-labour-university.org/2016/08/its-time-for-global-framework-agreement.html
Panitch, L., and S. Gindin. 2005. Superintending Global Capital. New Left Review 35: 208–227. Accessed September 2016. http://www.newleftreview.org/?view=2583
Puri, Ashwin, and Patricia Okuniewska. 2015. Athletes, Advocates Pen Anti-Nike Letter. The Hoya, November 20. Accessed July 2017. http://www.thehoya.com/athletes-advocates-pen-anti-nike-letter/
Salleh, Ariel, James Goodman, and Hamed Hosseini. 2015. From Sociological to Ecological Imagination: Another Future is Possible. In Environmental Change and the World’s Futures, ed. Jonathan Marshall and Linda Connor. London: Routledge.
Santos, Boaventura de Sousa. 2006. The Rising of the Global Left: The World Social Forum and Beyond. London: Zed Books.
———. 2007. Beyond Abyssal Thinking: From Global Lines to Ecologies of Knowledges. Review Fernand Braudel Center XXX (1): 45–89.
———. 2011. Tunis and Cairo Reveal a New Popular Militancy, Andrea Lunt Interview. Inter Press Service, February 14. Accessed July 2017. http://www.ipsnews.net/2011/02/qa-tunis-and-cairo-reveal-a-new-popular-militancy/
Sassoon, A.S. 1980. Gramsci’s Politics. London: Croom Helm.
Sehgal, Rashme. 2009. Construction Worker Deaths on the Rise in Delhi. Infochange News & Features, July. Accessed July 2016. http://www.infochangeindia.org/livelihoods/news/construction-worker-deaths-on-the-rise-in-delhi.html
Shiva, Vandana. 2016. Earth Democracy: Justice, Sustainability and Peace. London: Zed Books.
Tilly, Charles. 2006. Regimes and Repertoires. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Trade Union Congress (TUC). 2012. 14,000 Years for Sri Lankan Sportswear Workers to Earn Nike CEO’s 2010 Pot. Accessed July 2016. https://www.tuc.org.uk/international-issues/human-rights/international-development/labour-standards/14000-years-sri-lankan
UNI Global Union (UNI). 2017. World Athletes Association. Accessed July 2017. http://www.uniglobalunion.org/sites/default/files/imce/world_players_united_-_overview_29_mar_17.pdf
United Students Against Sweatshops (USAS). 2013. USAS Protests Announcement of Gap and Walmart’s Fake Safety Scheme, July 10. Accessed July 2016. http://usas.org/2013/07/10/usas-protests-announcement-of-gap-and-walmarts-fake-safety-scheme/
———. 2015. What Did Nike Just Do?, November 19. Accessed June 2017. http://usas.org/2015/11/19/what-did-nike-just-do/
———. 2017. Organizational Structure. Accessed June 2017. http://usas.org/about/structure/
Wainwright, Hilary. 1994. Arguments for a New Left: Answering the Free-Market Right. Oxford: Blackwell.
———. 2009. Reclaim the State: Experiments in Popular Democracy. London: Seagull.
Wallis Victor. 2010. Beyond “Green Capitalism”. Monthly Review 61 (9). Accessed July 2017. https://monthlyreview.org/2010/02/01/beyond-green-capitalism/
Waterman, Peter. 1998. Globalisation, Social Movements and the New Internationalisms. London and Washington: Mansell/Continuum.
Wieringa, S.E., A. Blackwood, and S. Bhaiya, eds. 2007. Women’s Sexualities and Masculinities in a Globalizing Asia. USA: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wood, Ellen Meiksins. 1995. Democracy Against Capitalism: Renewing Historical Materialism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zirin, Dave. 2005. What’s My Name, Fool? Sports and Resistance in the United States. Chicago: Haymarket Books.
———. 2008. The Explosive 1968 Olympics, International Socialist Review 61. Accessed September 2016. http://www.isreview.org/issues/61/feat-zirin.shtml
———. 2012. NFL Players Association Puts Out Statement Against Indiana’s Right-to-Work Legislation. The Nation, January 6. Accessed September 2016. http://www.thenation.com/blogs/dave-zirin
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Biyanwila, S.J. (2018). Changing Sports Through Resistance. In: Sports and The Global South. Global Culture and Sport Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68502-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68502-1_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68501-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68502-1
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)