Abstract
The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the recording of the electrical activity of the human heart. The compression of the ECG signal is highly beneficial for the purpose of wireless transmission as well as storage. A new algorithm for ECG signal compression is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on the observation that the ECG signal in the steady state is very stable with highly correlated successive pulses. Thus, the algorithm performs differential encoding between each new pulse and a stored reference pulse. This idea is inspired by the video compression techniques where the inter-frame changes are very limited. Therefore, high signal compression ratio can be obtained. The performance of the introduced technique is evaluated and compared to the state-of-the-art techniques. The performance is characterized by the compression ratio (CR) and the percentage of root mean square difference (PRD). The algorithm achieved a CR of 105 with PRD below 1.3%. Moreover, the comparison with other existing ECG compression methods demonstrated the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Luz, E.J.S., Nunes, T.M.: ECG arrhythmia classification based on optimum-path forest. Expert Syst. Appl. 40, 3561–3573 (2013)
Luz, E.J.D.S., Schwartz, W.R., Cámara-Chávez, G., Menotti, D.: ECG-based heartbeat classification for arrhythmia detection: a survey. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 127, 144–164 (2016)
Fira, C.M., Goras, L.: An ECG signals compression method and its validation using NNs. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 55(4), 1319–1326 (2008)
Mueller, W.C.: Arrhythmia detection program for an ambulatory ECG monitor. Biomed. Sci. Instrum. 14, 81–85 (1978)
Cox, J.R., Nolle, F.M., Fozzard, H.A., Oliver, G.C.: AZTEC, a preprocessing program for real-time ECG rhythm analysis. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. BME-15, 128–129 (1968)
Abenstein, J.P., Tompkins, W.J.: New data-reduction algorithm for real-time ECG analysis. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. BME-29, 43–48 (1982)
Ruthann, U.E., Pipberger, H.V.: Compression of the ECG by prediction or interpolation and entropy encoding. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. BME-26, 613–623 (1979)
Cox, J.R., Ripley, K.L.: Compact digital coding of electrocardiographic data. In: Proceeding of VI International Conference on System and Science, pp. 333–336 (1973)
Reddy, B.R.S., Murthy, I.S.N.: ECG data compression using Fourier descriptors. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. BME-33, 428–434 (1986)
Womble, M.E., Hafliday, J.S., et al.: Data compression for storing and transmitting ECG/VCG’s. Proc. IEEE 65, 702–706 (1977)
Kuklinski, W.S.: Fast Walsh transform data-compression algorithm: ECG applications. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 21, 465–472 (1983)
Imai, H., Kimura, N., Yoshida, Y.: An efficient encoding method for electrocardiography using spline functions. Syst. Comput. Jpn 16(3), 85–94 (1985)
Trahanias, P., Skordalakis, E.: Syntactic pattern recognition of ECG. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 12, 648–657 (1990)
Nave, G., Cohen, A.: ECG compression using long-term prediction. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 40, 877–885 (1993)
Hamilton, P.S., Tompkins, W.J.: Compression of the ambulatory ECG by average beat subtraction and residual differencing. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 38, 253–295 (1991)
Abo-Zahhad, M., Hussien, A.: ECG signal compression technique based on DWT and exploitation of interbeats and intrabeats correlation. J. Eng. Sci. 43(6), 837–856 (2015)
Bilgin, A., et al.: Compression of electrocardiogram signals using JPEG2000. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 49(4), 833–840 (2003)
Chou, H.-H., et al.: An effective and efficient compression algorithm for ECG signals with irregular periods. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 53(6), 1198–1205 (2006)
Chen, D.-H., Yang, S.: Compression of ECG signal using video codec technology-like scheme. J. Biomed. Sci. Eng. 1, 22–26 (2008)
Moody, G.B., Mark, R.G.: The impact of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 20, 45–50 (2001)
Clifford, G.D.: Signal processing methods for heart rate variability. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University (2002)
Rajoub, B.A.: An efficient coding algorithm for the compression of ECG signals using Wavelet Transform. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 49(4), 849–856 (2002)
MATLAB release: The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, United States (2013)
Ktata, S., Ouni, K.: A novel compression algorithm for electrocardiogram signals based on wavelet transform and SPIHT. Int. J. Med. Health Biomed. Bioeng. Pharm. Eng. 3(11), 342 (2009)
Abo-Zahhad, M. et al.: An efficient technique for compressing ECG signals using QRS detection, estimation, and 2D DWT coefficients thresholding. Model. Simul. Eng. (2012). doi:10.1155/2012/742786, 2012©Abo-Zahhad, M., et al.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Soliman, M., El-Rafei, A., El-Nozahi, M., Ragai, H. (2018). Adaptive Differential Pulse Coding for ECG Signal Compression. In: Tavares, J., Natal Jorge, R. (eds) VipIMAGE 2017. ECCOMAS 2017. Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, vol 27. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68195-5_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68195-5_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68194-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68195-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)