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Advances in Transformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Carbohydrate-Derived Fuel Precursors

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Biorefining of Biomass to Biofuels

Part of the book series: Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies ((BBT,volume 4))

Abstract

Cellulosebased, second-generation biofuels have been considered as an alternative fuel source to compensate for depleting fossil fuel reserves. Considering compounds that may be obtained from lignocellulose during biorefining, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and levulinic acid are among the most promising building blocks for energy fuels preparation via chemical or biological synthesis reactions and are thus described as platform chemicals. In this chapter, we present a review on advances made over the traditional strategies for the preparation of these fuel precursors from biomass. The recalcitrant nature of biomass, caused primarily by cellulose crystallinity and nonreactive lignin, hampers the successful commercialization of these valuable by-product chemicals. To date, different processes and production schemes have been adapted to improve product yields and lower production costs and include examples such as supermolecular structure modification of cellulose for improved saccharification using solvents or selective removal or displacement of biomass constituents such as lignin to improve enzyme mobility. Additionally, schemes have included direct conversion of biomass including forestry and secondary agricultural residues to platform chemicals using novel catalysts and reaction systems such biphasic or extractive distillation. Unfortunately, the details of most biomass chemical and biochemical reactions are still unclear, due to their complex nature, hindering improvements to the process. Thus, continued research and development is needed to further understand the biomass component characteristics, the overall cell wall, interrelationships between fractional components, transformation of component during reaction, and competing degradation reactions. This research is critical to enable natural lignocellulosic materials utilization to value-added chemicals during the production of fuels.

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely thank Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India for their financial support. S. Elumalai thanks Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi for providing financial assistance through fast track young scientist scheme (Grant No. YSS/2014/000031).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Division, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81, (Knowledge City), Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India

    Sasikumar Elumalai, Bhumica Agarwal & Rajender S. Sangwan

  2. Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53726, USA

    Troy M. Runge

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  1. Sasikumar Elumalai
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  2. Bhumica Agarwal
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  3. Troy M. Runge
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  4. Rajender S. Sangwan
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Correspondence to Sasikumar Elumalai or Rajender S. Sangwan .

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  1. Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy, Kapurthala, Punjab, India

    Sachin Kumar

  2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA

    Rajesh K. Sani

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Elumalai, S., Agarwal, B., Runge, T.M., Sangwan, R.S. (2018). Advances in Transformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Carbohydrate-Derived Fuel Precursors. In: Kumar, S., Sani, R. (eds) Biorefining of Biomass to Biofuels. Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies, vol 4. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67678-4_4

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-67677-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-67678-4

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

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