Abstract
Myopathies can present with negative (such as weakness) or positive (such as myalgia and cramps) symptoms. Recognition of certain characteristic patterns of muscle weakness on exam can narrow the differential diagnosis. Serum creatine kinase, focused serologic testing, electromyography, exercise test, muscle imaging, biopsy, and genetic testing are useful to reach a specific diagnosis. The key clinical features, laboratory, EMG, and histopathologic abnormalities of the most common myopathies are discussed below.
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Abbreviations
- AQM:
-
Acute quadriplegic myopathy
- CK:
-
Creatine kinase
- DM:
-
Dermatomyositis
- DM1:
-
Myotonic dystrophy type 1
- DM2:
-
Myotonic dystrophy type 2
- FSHD:
-
Facioscapularhumeral dystrophy
- IBM:
-
Inclusion body myositis
- LGMD:
-
Limb girdle muscular dystrophy
- MELAS:
-
Mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes
- MERRF:
-
Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers
- MNGIE:
-
Mitochondrial neurogastro-intestinal encephalomyopathy
- OPMD:
-
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
- PM:
-
Polymyositis
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Manousakis, G. (2018). Diseases of Muscle. In: Walk, D. (eds) Clinical Handbook of Neuromuscular Medicine . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67116-1_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67116-1_2
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