Skip to main content

How to Make What Really Matters Count in Economic Decision-Making: Care, Domestic Violence, Gender-Responsive Budgeting, Macroeconomic Policies and Human Rights

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Co-Designing Economies in Transition
  • 560 Accesses

Abstract

Bjørnholt offers a reflection on 25 years of feminist economics, providing illustrative examples of how feminist academic critique, within and outside of academia, in combination with civil engagement, has evolved, promoting change towards better economics, better policies and well-being for all. Mirroring the widening scope over time of feminist economics, Bjørnholt discusses the exclusion of care and other life-sustaining, unpaid work from systems of national accounts and efforts to make them count; efforts to achieve gender justice through gender-responsive budgeting; the effort to bring society’s attention to the extent of domestic violence and its consequences; and understanding economics as social provisioning, which considers the responsibility to care for everything, including human rights and our shared living space Earth, when assessing the consequences of macroeconomic policy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The EWL fact sheet foregrounds human rights argument, with costs as an additional point.

References

  • Acierno, R., Hernandez, M. A., Amstadter, A. B., Resnick, H. S., Steve, K., Muzzy, W., et al. (2010). Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in the United States: The National Elder mistreatment study. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 292–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, B., & Panda, P. (2007). Toward freedom from domestic violence: The neglected obvious. Journal of Human Development, 8(3), 359–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, N., & Seung-Hee Koh, S.-H. (2011). Incorporating estimates of household production of non-market services into international comparisons of material well-being. Working Paper 42. OECD Statistics Directorate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antopoulos, R. (2009). The unpaid care work-paid work connection. Working Paper 86. ILO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aslaksen, I., Bragstad, T., & Ås, B. (2014). Feminist economics as vision for a sustainable future. In M. Bjørnholt & A. McKay (Eds.), Counting on Marilyn Waring: New advances in feminist economics (pp. 21–36). Bradford: Demeter Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aslaksen, J., & Koren, C. (2014). Reflections on unpaid household work, economic growth, and consumption possibilities. In M. Bjørnholt & A. McKay (Eds.), Counting on Marilyn Waring: New advances in feminist economics (pp. 57–71). Bradford: Demeter Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balakrishnan, R., & Elson, D. (2011). Economic policy and human rights: Holding governments to account. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balakrishnan, R., Heintz, J., & Elson, D. (2016). Rethinking economic policy for social justice: The radical potential of human rights. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beder, S. (2001). Trading the Earth: The politics behind tradeable pollution rights. Environmental Liability, 9(2), 152–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benería, L., Berik, G., & Floro, M. (2016). Gender, development and globalization: Economics as if all people mattered. New York and London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjørnholt, M., & McKay, A. (Eds.). (2014). Counting on Marilyn Waring: New advances in feminist economics. Bradford: Demeter Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjørnholt, M., & Stefansen, K. (forthcoming). Same but different: Polish and Norwegian parents’ work–family adaptations in Norway. Journal article, under review.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, S. B., & Sheehy, E. (2016). Men’s groups: Challenging feminism. Canadian Journal of Women and the Law, 28(1), 5–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budlender, D. (Ed.). (2010). Time use studies and unpaid care work. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J., & Gillespie, M. (Eds.). (2016). Feminist economics and public policy. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalla Costa, M., & James, S. (1973). The power of women and the subversion of the community. Bristol: Falling Wall Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolan, P., Loomes, G., Peasgood, T., & Tsuchiya, A. (2005). Estimating the intangible victim costs of violent crime. British Journal of Criminology, 45(6), 958–976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dragiewicz, M., & Mann, R. M. (2016). Introduction to special edition: Fighting feminism–Organised opposition to women’s rights. Journal of Women and the Law, 28(1), 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durán, M. A., & Milosavljevic, V. (2012). Unpaid work, time use surveys and care demand forecasting in Latin America. Documento de trabajo 7. Bilbao: Fundación BBVA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duvvury, N., Callan, A., Carney, P., & Raghavendra, S. (2013). Intimate partner violence: Economic costs and implications for growth and development. Women’s Voice, Agency, & Participation Research Series 3. World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Earth guardians. (n.d.). Xiuhtezcatl Martinez. Retrieved from https://www.earthguardians.org/xiuhtezcatl/

  • European Gender Budget Network (EGBN). (2007). Gender budgeting in Europe-NOW! Manifiesto. Retrieved from http://www.infopolis.es/web/genderbudgets/manifiesto.html

  • Fawcett Society Policy Briefing March. (2012). The impact of austerity on women. Retrieved from http://www.fawcettsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/The-Impact-of-Austerity-on-Women-19th-March-2012.pdf

  • Folbre, N. (2001). The invisible heart: Economics and family values. New York: New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folbre, N. (2015). Accounting for Care: A research and survey design agenda. Paper prepared for the IARIW—OECD special conference: W(h)ither the SNA? April 16–17, Paris, 2015. Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folbre, N. (2016). Valuing non market work. Background think piece for Human Development Report 2015. UNDP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folbre, N., & Nelson, J. A. (2000). For love or money—Or both? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(4), 123–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, N. (1994). After the family wage: Gender equity and the welfare state. Political Theory, 22(4), 591–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, N., Harris, J., Nelson, J., Roach, B., & Torras, M. (2013). Microeconomics in context. New York and London: M.E. Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Himmelweit, S. (2013). Care: Feminist economic theory and policy challenges. Journal of Gender Studies Ochanomizu University, 16, 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jülich, S. (2014). Substantive equality, Stockholm syndrome and the costs of child sexual abuse. In M. Bjørnholt & A. McKay (Eds.), Counting on Marilyn Waring: New advances in feminist economics (pp. 107–118). Bradford: Demeter Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, R., & McLean, J. (1996). Paying for violence: Some of the costs of violence against women in BC. The Ministry of Women’s Equality Province of British Columbia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koren, C. (2012). Kvinnenes rolle i norsk økonomi. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loseke, D. R., & Kurz, D. (2005). Men’s violence toward women is the serious social problem. In D. R. Loseke, R. J. Gelles, & M. M. Cavanaugh (Eds.), Current controversies on family violence (Vol. 2, pp. 79–96). Thousand Oaks, London and New Delhi: Sage Publications.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mader, K. (2014). Overview of GRB initiatives in Europe. Presentation at Gender responsive budgeting: Theory and practice in perspective, International Conference, Vienna University of Economics and Business, November 6–8, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellor, M. (2005). Ecofeminist political economy: Integrating feminist economics and ecological economics. Feminist Economics, 11(3), 120–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merchant, C. (1980). The death of nature: Women, ecology and the scientific revolution. San Fransisco: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mies, M., & Shiva, V. (1993). Ecofeminism. New Jersey: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, J. A. (1992). Gender, metaphor, and the definition of economics. Economics and Philosophy, 8(1), 103–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, J. A. (1993). The study of choice or the study of provisioning? Gender and the definition of economics. In M. A. Ferber & J. A. Nelson (Eds.), Beyond economic man: Feminist theory and economics (pp. 23–36). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, J. A. (1997). Feminism, ecology and the philosophy of economics. Ecological Economics, 20(2), 155–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Hagan, A. (2013). ‘A wheel within a wheel’: Adoption and implementation of gender budgeting in the sub-state governments of Scotland, Euskadi, and Andalucia (2000–2009). PhD dissertation, Glasgow Caledonian University.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Hara, S. (2014). Everything needs care: Toward a context-based economy. In M. Bjørnholt & A. McKay (Eds.), Counting on Marilyn Waring: New advances in feminist economics (pp. 37–56). Bradford: Demeter Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, R., & Elson, D. (2015). Transcending the impact of the financial crisis in the United Kingdom: Towards plan F—A feminist economic strategy. Feminist Review, 109(1), 8–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pizzey, E. (2011). This way to the revolution: A memoir. London: Peter Owen Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Power, M. (2004). Social provisioning as a starting point for feminist economics. Feminist Economics, 10(3), 3–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn, S. (2016). Europe: A survey of gender budgeting efforts. IMF Working Paper 16/155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz, C. (2006). Now it’s about the money: Mainstreaming a gender equality perspective into Nordic national budgets. Final Project Report 2004–2006. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stiglitz, J. E., Sen, A., & Fitoussi, J. P. (2009). Report by the commission on the measurement of economic performance and social progress. Paris: Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, M. A. (2005). Women’s violence toward men is a serious social problem. In D. R. Loseke, R. J. Gelles, & M. M. Cavanaugh (Eds.), Current controversies on family violence (Vol. 2, pp. 55–77). Thousand Oaks, London and New Delhi: Sage Publications.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Towers, J., & Walby, S. (2012). Measuring the impact of cuts in public expenditure on the provision of services to prevent violence against women and girls. Lancaster University.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Development Programme. (2015). Human Development Report 2015: Work for human development. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/valuing-care-work

  • United Nations General Assembly. (2000). Further actions and initiatives to implement the Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action, Unedited final outcome document as adopted by the plenary of the special session entitled. “Women 2000: Gender equality, development and peace for the twenty-first century” (&109). Retrieved from http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/women/un-doku/un-conf/c+5%20outcome-2.html

  • Varjonen, J., & Kirjavainen, L. M. (2014). Women’s Unpaid Work Was Counted But... In M. Bjørnholt & A. McKay (Eds.), Counting on Marilyn Waring: New advances in feminist economics (pp. 73–90). Bradford: Demeter Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walby, S. (2004). The cost of domestic violence. London: Department of Trade and Industry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walby, S., Towers, J., & Francis, B. (2016). Is violent crime increasing or decreasing? A new methodology to measure repeat attacks making visible the significance of gender and domestic relations. British Journal of Criminology, 56(6), 1203–1234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waring, M. (1988). If women counted: A new feminist economics. San Francisco: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waring, M. (2015). Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren, K. J. (1996). Ecological feminist philosophies: An overview of the issues. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Manual for estimating the economic costs of injuries due to interpersonal and self-directed violence. Geneva: WHO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yodanis, C. L., Godenzi, A., & Stanko, E. A. (2000). The benefits of studying costs: A review and agenda for studies on the economic costs of violence against women. Policy Studies, 21(3), 263–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I am indebted to Iulie Aslaksen (Statistics Norway) and emerita Charlotte Koren (Norwegian Sosial Research) for useful comments and suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bjørnholt, M. (2018). How to Make What Really Matters Count in Economic Decision-Making: Care, Domestic Violence, Gender-Responsive Budgeting, Macroeconomic Policies and Human Rights. In: Giorgino, V., Walsh, Z. (eds) Co-Designing Economies in Transition. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66592-4_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66592-4_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-66591-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-66592-4

  • eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics