Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots are nanometer sized objects that contain typically several thousand atoms of a semiconducting compound resulting in a confinement of the carriers in the three spatial directions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
By adjusting the growth method or applying a magnetic or electric field perpendicular to the growth direction [43] the fine structure splitting \(\delta _1\) of neutral excitons can be tuned close to zero, i.e. smaller than the homogeneous broadening of the optical transition. This is an important feature for application of quantum dots as a source of entangled photon pairs [14].
- 2.
The quantum dot symmetry is reduced to \(C_{2v}\) as soon as the symmetry along z is broken.
- 3.
This shift is due to small change of the direct Coulomb interaction between the carriers confined in the quantum dot, which in turn modifies the binding energy of an electron hole pair.
- 4.
This fine structure can be observed in the micro–photoluminescence spectrum of charged biexcitons \(XX^\pm \) or doubly charged excitons \(X^{2\pm }\) (see e.g. Fig. 4.7b) [38, 64]. A similar fine structure is predicted for \(X^{+^\star }\) [42], even though the triplet splitting seems dominated by anisotropic hole-hole exchange [72, 73].
- 5.
- 6.
Under quasiresonant excitation, such that the spin of the photo-created hole is conserved, it is possible to select transitions giving rise to a strong (above 90%) positive optical orientation [67, 76]. The reversal of polarization is however clearly observed in the PL excitation spectroscopy of an individual charged quantum dot [69].
- 7.
- 8.
The spin polarization decay is limited in amplitude because \(\varvec{B}_N\) is almost collinear to the spin direction for about 1/3 of the quantum dots. See Chap. 11 for details.
- 9.
- 10.
The transverse electron g factor can be extracted from the dependence of the beat frequency on the magnetic field strength. The value of \(g_{e,\perp }=0.75\) obtained in this way is in agreement with the values measured in single dot spectroscopy [35].
References
V.I. Klimov, A.A. Mikhailovsky, Su Xu, A. Malko, J.A. Hollingsworth, C.A. Leatherdale, H.-J. Eisler, M.G. Bawendi, Science 290, 314 (2000)
N.P. Stern, M. Poggio, M.H. Bartl, E.L. Hu, G.D. Stucky, D.D. Awschalom, Phys. Rev. B 72, 161303(R) (2005)
D. Gammon, E.S. Snow, B.V. Shanabrook, D.S. Katzer, D. Park, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3005 (1996)
L. Besombes, K. Kheng, D. Martrou, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 425 (2000)
J.P. McCaffrey, M.D. Robertson, S. Fafard, Z.R. Wasilewski, E.M. Griswold, L.D. Madsen, J. Appl. Phys. 88, 2272 (2000)
J.-Y. Marzin, J.-M. Gerard, A. Izraël, D. Barrier, G. Bastard, Phys. Rev. Lett 73, 716 (1994)
T. Flissikowski, A. Betke, I. Akimov, F. Henneberger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 227401 (2004)
I.A. Yugova, I.Ya. Gerlovin, V.G. Davydov, I.V. Ignatiev, I.E. Kozin, H.W. Ren, M. Sugisaki, S. Sugou, Y. Masumoto, Phys. Rev. B 66, 235312 (2002)
N. Koguchi, S. Takahashi, T. Chikyow, J. Cryst. Growth 111, 688 (1991)
J.R. Petta, A.C. Johnson, J.M. Taylor, E.A. Laird, A. Yacoby, M.D. Lukin, C.M. Marcus, M.P. Hanson, A.C. Gossard, Science 309, 2180 (2005)
F.H.L. Koppens, C. Buizert, K.J. Tielrooij, I.T. Vink, K.C. Nowack, T. Meunier, L.P. Kouwenhoven, L.M.K. Vandersypen, Nature 442, 766 (2006)
E. Moreau, I. Robert, L. Manin, V. Thierry-Mieg, J.M. Gerard, I. Abram, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 183601 (2001)
C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vucovic, G.S. Solomon, Y. Yamamoto, Nature 419, 594 (2002)
R.M. Stevenson, R.J. Young, P. Atkinson, K. Cooper, D.A. Ritchie, A.J. Shields, Nature 439, 179 (2006)
N. Somaschi, V. Giesz, L. DeSantis, J.C. Loredo, M.P. Almeida, G. Hornecker, S.L. Portalupi, T. Grange, C. Antón, J. Demory, C. Gómez, I. Sagnes, N.D. Lanzillotti-Kimura, A. Lemaître, A. Auffeves, A.G. White, L. Lanco, P. Senellart, Nat. Photon 5, 340 (2016)
X. Ding, Y. He, Z.C. Duan, N. Gregersen, M.C. Chen, S. Unsleber, S. Maier, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Höfling, C.Y. Lu, J.W. Pan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(2), 1 (2016)
T. Kuroda, T. Mano, N. Ha, H. Nakajima, H. Kumano, B. Urbaszek, M. Jo, M. Abbarchi, Y. Sakuma, K. Sakoda, I. Suemune, X. Marie, T. Amand, Phys. Rev. B 88, 3 (2013)
A. Dousse, J. Suffczynski, A. Beveratos, O. Krebs, A. Lemaitre, I. Sagnes, J. Bloch, P. Voisin, P. Senellart, Nature 466, 217 (2010)
R. Trotta, J.S. Wildmann, E. Zallo, O.G. Schmidt, A. Rastelli, Nano Lett. 14, 3439 (2014)
P. Borri, W. Langbein, S. Schneider, U. Woggon, R.L. Sellin, D. Ouyang, D. Bimberg, Phys. Rev. Lett 87, 157401 (2001)
Xiaoqin Li, Wu Yanwen, Duncan Steel, D. Gammon, T.H. Stievater, D.S. Katzer, D. Park, C. Piermarocchi, L.J. Sham, Science 301, 809 (2003)
B. Eble, O. Krebs, A. Lemaître, K. Kowalik, A. Kudelski, P. Voisin, B. Urbaszek, X. Marie, T. Amand, Phys. Rev. B 74, 081306(R) (2006)
B. Urbaszek, X. Marie, T. Amand, O. Krebs, P. Voisin, P. Maletinsky, A. Högele, A. Imamoglu, Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 79 (2013)
F. Meier, B. Zakharchenya, Optical Orientation, Modern Problem in Condensed Matter Sciences, vol. 8 (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1984)
D. Gammon, A.L. Efros, T.A. Kennedy, M. Rosen, D.S. Katzer, D. Park, S.W. Brown, V.L. Korenev, I.A. Merkulov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5176 (2001)
I.A. Merkulov, Al.L. Efros, M. Rosen, Phys. Rev. B 65, 205309 (2002)
P.-F. Braun, X. Marie, L. Lombez, B. Urbaszek, T. Amand, P. Renucci, V.K. Kalevich, K.V. Kavokin, O. Krebs, P. Voisin, Y. Masumoto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 116601 (2005)
V.K. Kalevich, V.L. Korenev, JETP Lett. 56, 253 (1992)
P.-F. Braun, B. Urbaszek, T. Amand, X. Marie, O. Krebs, B. Eble, A. Lemaître, P. Voisin, Phys. Rev. B 74, 245603 (2006)
R.J. Warburton, B.T. Miller, C.S. Dürr, C. Bödefeld, K. Karrai, J.P. Kotthaus, G. Medeiros-Ribeiros, P.M. Petroff, S. Huant, Phys. Rev. B 58, 16221 (1998)
M. Grundmann, O. Stier, D. Bimberg, Phys. Rev. B 52, 11969 (1995)
E.L. Ivchenko, Springer Series in Solid-State Science, vol. 110 (Springer, Berlin, 1997)
R.I. Dzhioev, B.P. Zakharchenya, E.L. Ivchenko, V.L. Korenev, Y.G. Kusraev, N.N. Ledentsov, V.M. Ustinov, A.E. Zhukov, A.F. Tsatsulnikov, Phys. Solid State 40, 790 (1998)
I.E. Kozin, V.G. Davydov, I.V. Ignatiev, A.V. Kavokin, K.V. Kavokin, G. Malpuech, Hong-Wen Ren, M. Sugisaki, S. Sugou, Y. Masumoto, Phys. Rev. B 65, 241312 (2002)
M. Bayer, G. Ortner, O. Stern, A. Kuther, A.A. Gorbunov, A. Forchel, P. Hawrylak, S. Fafard, K. Hinzer, T.L. Reinecke, S.N. Walck, J.P. Reithmaier, F. Klopf, F. Schafer, Phys. Rev. B 65, 195315 (2002). and references therein
E.A. Chekhovich, A.B. Krysa, M.S. Skolnick, A.I. Tartakovskii, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 027402 (2011)
E.L. Ivchenko, A.Y. Kaminski, I.L. Aleiner, JETP 77, 609 (1993)
B. Urbaszek, R.J. Warburton, K. Karrai, B.D. Gerardot, P.M. Petroff, J.M. Garcia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 247403 (2003)
V.D. Kulakovskii, G. Bacher, R. Weigand, T. Kummell, A. Forchel, E. Borovitskaya, K. Leonardi, D. Hommel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1780 (1999)
A. Högele, S. Seidl, M. Kroner, K. Karrai, R.J. Warburton, B.D. Gerardot, P.M. Petroff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 217401 (2004)
T. Flissikowski, A. Hundt, M. Lowisch, M. Rabe, F. Henneberger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3172 (2001)
K.V. Kavokin, Phys. Status Solidi (a) 195, 592 (2003)
B.D. Gerardot, S. Seidl, P.A. Dalgarno, R.J. Warburton, D. Granados, J.M. Garcia, K. Kowalik, O. Krebs, K. Karrai, A. Badolato, P.M. Petroff, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 041101 (2007)
M. Chamaro, C. Gourdon, P. Lavallard, J. Luminescence 70, 222 (1996)
J.A. Gupta, D.D. Awschalom, X. Peng, A.P. Alivisatos, Phys. Rev. B 59, 10421(R) (1999)
H. Gotoh, H. Ando, H. Kamada, A. Chavez-Pirson, J. Temmyo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 1341 (1998)
M. Paillard, X. Marie, P. Renucci, T. Amand, A. Jbeli, J.M. Gérard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1634 (2001)
X. Marie, P. LeJeune, T. Amand, M. Brousseau, J. Barrau, M. Paillard, R. Planel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 3222 (1997)
T.H. Stievater, Xiaoqin Li, T. Cubel, D.G. Steel, D. Gammon, D.S. Katzer, D. Park, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4251 (2002)
E. Tsitsishvili, R.v. Baltz, H. Kalt, Phys. Rev. B 66, 161405 (2002)
M. Senes, B. Urbaszek, X. Marie, T. Amand, J. Tribollet, F. Bernardot, C. Testelin, M. Chamarro, J.-M. Gérard, Phys. Rev. B 71, 115334 (2005)
A.S. Lenihan, M.V. Gurudev Dutt, D.G. Steel, S. Ghosh, P.K. Bhattacharya, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 223601 (2002)
F. Bernardot, E. Aubry, J. Tribollet, C. Testelin, M. Chamarro, L. Lombez, P.-F. Braun, X. Marie, T. Amand, J.-M. Gérard, Phys. Rev. B 73, 085301 (2006)
W. Langbein, P. Borri, U. Woggon, V. Stavarache, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, Phys. Rev. B 69, R161301 (2004)
A. Greilich, M. Schwab, T. Berstermann, T. Auer, R. Oulton, D.R. Yakovlev, M. Bayer, V. Stavarache, D. Reuter, A. Wieck, Phys. Rev. B 73, 045323 (2006)
C. Testelin, E. Aubry, M. Chaouache, M. Maaref, F. Bernardot, M. Chamarro, J.-M. Gérard, Phys. Status Solidi (c) 3, 3900 (2006). ibid 4, 1385 (2007)
G. Bester, S. Nair, A. Zunger, Phys. Rev. B 67, 161306(R) (2003)
R.I. Dzhioev, B.P. Zakharchenya, E.L. Ivchenko, V.L. Korenev, Y.G. Kusraev, N.N. Ledentsov, V.M. Ustinov, A.E. Zhukov, A.F. Tsatsulnikov, JETP 65, 804 (1997)
K. Kowalik, O. Krebs, A. Lemaître, J.A. Gaj, P. Voisin, Phys. Rev. B 77, 161305(R) (2008)
K. Nishibayashi, T. Okuno, Y. Masumoto, Hong-Wen Ren, Phys. Rev. B 68, 035333 (2003)
L. Lombez, P.-F. Braun, X. Marie, P. Renucci, B. Urbaszek, T. Amand, O. Krebs, P. Voisin, Phys. Rev. B 75, 195314 (2007)
A. Greilich, D.R. Yakovlev, A. Shabaev, Al L. Efros, I.A. Yugova, R. Oulton, V. Stavarache, D. Reuter, A. Wieck, M. Bayer, Science 313, 341 (2006)
I.A. Yugova, A. Greilich, E.A. Zhukov, D.R. Yakovlev, M. Bayer, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, Phys. Rev. B 75, 195325 (2007)
I.A. Akimov, A. Hundt, T. Flissikowski, F. Henneberger, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4730 (2002)
S. Cortez, O. Krebs, S. Laurent, M. Senes, X. Marie, P. Voisin, R. Ferreira, G. Bastard, J.-M. Gérard, T. Amand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 207 (2002)
R.J. Warburton, C. Schaflein, D. Haft, F. Bickel, A. Lorke, K. Karrai, J.M. Garcia, W. Schoenfeld, P.M. Petroff, Nature 405, 926 (2000)
S. Laurent, B. Eble, O. Krebs, A. Lemaître, B. Urbaszek, X. Marie, T. Amand, P. Voisin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 147401 (2005)
T. Flissikowski, I.A. Akimov, A. Hundt, F. Henneberger, Phys. Rev. B 68, 161309(R) (2003)
M.E. Ware, E.A. Stinaff, D. Gammon, M.F. Doty, A.S. Bracker, D. Gershoni, V.L. Korenev, S.C. Badescu, Y. Lyanda-Geller, T.L. Reinecke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 177403 (2005)
I.A. Akimov, K.V. Kavokin, A. Hundt, F. Henneberger, Phys. Rev. B 71, 75326 (2005)
M.M. Glazov, E.L. Ivchenko, R.v. Baltz, and E.G. Tsitsishvili, cond-mat/0501635 (2005)
M. Ediger, G. Bester, B.D. Gerardot, A. Badolato, P.M. Petroff, K. Karrai, A. Zunger, R.J. Warburton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 036808 (2007)
T. Warming, E. Siebert, A. Schliwa, E. Stock, R. Zimmermann, D. Bimberg, Phys. Rev. B 79(12), 1 (2009)
S. Laurent, M. Senes, O. Krebs, V.K. Kalevich, B. Urbaszek, X. Marie, T. Amand, P. Voisin, Phys. Rev. B 73, 235302 (2006)
V.K. Kalevich, I.A. Merkulov, A.Y. Shiryaev, K.V. Kavokin, M. Ikezawa, T. Okuno, P.N. Brunkov, A.E. Zhukov, V.M. Ustinov, Y. Masumoto, Phys. Rev. B 72, 045325 (2005)
C.W. Lai, P. Maletinsky, A. Badolato, A. Imamoglu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 167403 (2006)
R.I. Dzhioev, B.P. Zakharchenya, V.L. Korenev, P.E. Pak, D.A. Vinokurov, O.V. Kovalenkov, I.S. Tarasov, Phys. Solid State 40, 1745 (1998)
A.S. Bracker, E.A. Stinaff, D. Gammon, M.E. Ware, J.G. Tischler, A. Shabaev, Al.L Efros, D. Park, D. Gershoni, V.L. Korenev, I.A. Merkulov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 047402 (2005)
R. Oulton, A. Greilich, SYu. Verbin, R.V. Cherbunin, T. Auer, D.R. Yakovlev, M. Bayer, I.A. Merkulov, V. Stavarache, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 107401 (2007)
P.-F. Braun, L. Lombez, X. Marie, B. Urbaszek, M. Senes, T. Amand, V. Kalevich, K. Kavokin, O. Krebs, P. Voisin, V. Ustinov, Phys. Status Solidi (b) 242, 1233 (2005)
D. Heiss, S. Schaeck, H. Huebl, M. Bichler, G. Abstreiter, J.J. Finley, D.V. Bulaev, D. Loss, arXiv:0705.1466
P. Maletinsky, A. Badolato, A. Imamoglu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 056804 (2007)
D. Gammon, S.W. Brown, E.S. Snow, T.A. Kennedy, D.S. Katzer, D. Park, Science 277, 85 (1997)
O. Krebs, B. Eble, A. Lemaître, B. Urbaszek, K. Kowalik, A. Kudelski, X. Marie X, T. Amand, P. Voisin, Phys. Status Solidi (a) 204, 202 (2007)
V. Alexander, Khaetskii, Daniel Loss, Leonid Glazman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 186802 (2002)
Y.G. Semenov, K.W. Kim, Phys. Rev. B 67, 73301 (2003)
M. Kroutvar, Y. Ducommun, D. Heiss, M. Bichler, D. Schuh, G. Abstreiter, J.J. Finley, Nature 432, 81 (2004)
J.M. Elzerman, R. Hanson, L.H. Willems van Beveren, B. Witkamp, L.M.K. Vandersypen, L.P. Kouwenhoven, Nature 430, 431 (2004)
W.K. Liu, K.M. Whitaker, A.L. Smith, K.R. Kittilstved, B.H. Robinson, D.R. Gamelin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 186804 (2007)
L. Lombez, P. Renucci, P.F. Braun, H. Carrère, X. Marie, T. Amand, B. Urbaszek, J.L. Gauffier, P. Gallo, T. Camps, A. Arnoult, C. Fontaine, C. Deranlot, R. Mattana, H. Jaffrès, J.-M. George, P.H. Binh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 081111 (2007)
Acknowledgements
We thank J.M. Gérard, V. Ustinov and A. Lemaître for the sample growth. We are grateful to M. Paillard, M. Sénès, P-.F. Braun, L. Lombez, D. Lagarde, S. Laurent, B. Eble, P. Renucci, H. Carrère, P. Voisin, K.V. Kavokin, V.K. Kalevich for their contributions to this work. We thank A. Högele, F. Henneberger and L. Besombes for providing the original figures.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Marie, X., Urbaszek, B., Krebs, O., Amand, T. (2017). Exciton Spin Dynamics in Semiconductor Quantum Dots. In: Dyakonov, M. (eds) Spin Physics in Semiconductors. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, vol 157. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65436-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65436-2_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-65435-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-65436-2
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)