Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific ((CSAP))

  • 532 Accesses

Abstract

This introductory chapter explains why studying the historical Korean foreign policy of Sadae (‘serving the great’) can provide policymakers and scholars with a better understanding of and some solutions to the contemporary issues of Northeast Asian international relations. It is composed of three sections. The first section illustrates the impact of history and culture on the interstate relations in Northeast Asia, while the second section outlines the concept of Sadae in Joseon Korea’s foreign relations with great powers. The third section briefly reviews the literatures on Sadae written by contemporary Mainland Chinese and South Korean scholars, based on which, the necessity of employing a combined approach of constructivism and realism to the study of Korea–great powers relations is explained.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    This book adopts the Revised Romanization System approved by the Korean government in 2000. For example, ‘Chosŏn’ is therefore spelled ‘Joseon’ in this book.

  2. 2.

    Since this version was published in Japan, ‘Yi’ (‘李’ in Chinese characters) is spelled ‘Ri’ in the volumes’ English titles.

References

  • Acharya, A. 2008. Theoretical perspectives on international relations in Asia. In International relations of Asia, ed. D. Shambaugh and M. Yahuda, 57–82. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barkin, J.S. 2003. Realist constructivism. International Studies Review 5 (3): 325–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cha, H. 2011. Was Joseon a model or an exception? Reconsidering the tributary relations during Ming China. Korean Journal 51 (4): 33–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Channel NewsAsia. 2015. Park, Abe hold anniversary events to help thaw bilateral relationship. Channel NewsAsia, June 22. Retrieved 30 September 2015, http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/park-abe-hold-anniversary/1932124.html.

  • Chen, C. 2007. Cong zhong han guan xi kan gu dai dong ya guo ji guan xi de wen hua ji chu (Understanding the cultural foundation of the East Asian international relations in ancient time from the case of Sino-Korean relationship). Collected Papers for Korean Studies 17: 424–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, S. 2015. Chao gong zhi du yu dong ya di qu chuan tong guo ji zhi xu: yi 16-19 shi ji de ming qing wang chao wei zhong xin (Tributary system and traditional international order in East Asia: Based on Ming and Qing dynasties from 16th to 19th century). China’s Borderland History and Geography Studies 25 (2): 4–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choe, Y. 1980. An outline history of Korean historiography. Korean Studies 4: 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chun, H. 1997. Zhong han guan xi shi lun ji (A collection of essays on the history of Sino-Korean relations). Beijing: Chinese Social Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chun, C. 2010. Why is there no non-Western international relations theory? Reflections on and from Korea. In Non-Western international relations theory: Perspectives on and beyond Asia, ed. A. Acharya and B. Buzan, 69–91. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chung, J.H. 2012. Korean views of Korea-China relations: Evolving perceptions and upcoming challenges. Asian Perspective 36 (2): 219–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cui, Y. 2003. Shi xi chao xian de zhong guo guan (Korea’s views on China). Journal of Yanbian University (Social Science) 36 (4): 46–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darby, P., and A.J. Paolini. 1994. Bridging international relations and postcolonialism. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 19 (3): 371–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diao, S. 2009. Chao xian wang chao dui zhong guo shu ji de gou qiu ji qi dui ru jia wen hua de xi shou (Choson dynasty’s acquirement of Chinese books and its absorption of Confucian culture). The Journal of Ancient Civilizations 3 (2): 84–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobson, W.A.C.H. 1963. Mencius. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuyama, F. 2007. The new nationalism and the strategic architecture of Northeast Asia. Asia Policy 3: 38–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, Y. 2005. Ming dai zhong chao shi chen wang lai yan jiu (A study on the envoys between Ming China and Choson Korea). Nankai Journal (Philosophy, Literature and Social Science Edition) 5: 69–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. Da ming lü dui chao xian wang chao fa lü zhi du de ying xiang (Influence of daming law on legal system of Korean empire). Seeking Truth 36 (4): 123–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gries, P.H. 2005. The Koguryo controversy, national identity, and Sino-Korean relations today. East Asia 22 (4): 3–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gries, P.H., J.L. Prewitt-Freilino, L.E. Cox-Fuenzalida, and Q. Zhang. 2009. Contentious histories and the perception of threat: China, the United States, and the Korean War—an experimental analysis. Journal of East Asian Studies 9 (3): 433–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gu, K. 2008. Chao xian san xue shi zun ming shi da guan kao bian: jian lun qi ju qing yong ming zhi yuan yin (Examining the three Joseon scholar-officials’ worldview of revering Ming and serving the great, and discussing the reasons of their resistance to Qing and supporting of Ming). Shenyang Palace Museum Journal 5: 52–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Han, W. 1970. The history of Korea. Seoul: The Eul-Yoo Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Han, S. 1980. South Korea and the United States: The alliance survives. Asian Survey 20 (11): 1075–1086.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, Y.W. 2010. A review of Korean history—vol. 2 Joseon era. Pajubook City, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea: Kyongsaewon Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • He, F. 1998. Hua yi zhi xu lun (On the China-barbarian order). Journal of Peking University (Humanities and Social Sciences) 35 (6): 30–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, W. 1973. Korean world view through relations with China. Korea Journal 13 (10): 10–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, J. 2004. Rethinking Korean views on America: Beyond the dichotomy of pro- and anti-Americanism. Korea Journal 44 (1): 103–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacquin, D., A. Oros, and M. Verweij. 1993. Culture in international relations: An introduction to the special issue. Millennium: Journal of International Studies 22 (3): 375–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jian, J. 2009. Zhong hua chao gong ti xi: guan nian jie gou yu gong neng (Chinese tributary system: Perception and function). International Politics Quarterly 1: 132–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jin, M. 2011. Jian lun zhong chao chuan tong zong fan guan xi ji qi zhong jie (A brief discussion on the suzerain-vassal relationship between China and Joseon and its end). Journal of Social Science of Jiamusi University 29 (6): 73–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung, I.H. 2006. Cong zhou bian shi jiao lai kan chao gong guan xi: chao xian wang chao dui chao gong ti xi de ren shi he li yong (Perceiving the tribute system from countries around China: How Joseon understood and use the system). International Politics Quarterly 1: 72–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang, M.G. 1993. Han guo jin dai shi (Early modern history of Korea). Beijing: The Oriental Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang, D.C. 2003a. Getting Asia wrong: The need for new analytical frameworks. International Security 27 (4): 57–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2003b/2004. Hierarchy, balancing, and empirical puzzles in Asian international relations. International Security 28(3): 165–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2010. East Asia before the West: Five centuries of trade and tribute. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katzenstein, P.J. 1996. Introduction: Alternative perspectives on national security. In The culture of national security: Norms and identity in world politics, ed. P.J. Katzenstein, 1–32. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, D.K. 2005. The history of Korea. Westport: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristof, N.D. 1998. The problem of memory. Foreign Affairs 77 (6): 37–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lapid, Y. 1996. Culture’s ship: Returns and departures in International Relations theory. In The return of culture and identity in IR theory, ed. Y. Lapid and F. Kratochwil, 3–20. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K.B. 1997. Korea and East Asia: The story of a phoenix. Westportx: Praeger Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, D.S. 2007. Democratization and the US-South Korean alliance. Journal of East Asian Studies 7 (3): 469–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y. 2009. Han guo dui zhong han li shi de xuan ze xing xu shu yu zhong han guan xi (Korea’s selective narrative on the history of China and Korea and Sino-Korea relations). International Politics Quarterly 1: 44–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., and S. Hao. 2005. Gu dai zhong han wen hua jiao liu tan xi (An exploration on ancient cultural exchanges between China and Korea). Northeast Asia Forum 14 (5): 90–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, H. 2006. Zhong guo dui ri han yue san guo ke ju de ying xiang (Chinese imperial examination’s influence on Japan, Korea and Viet Nam). Academic Monthly 38 (12): 136–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, X. 2011. Wen hua shi yu xia de chao xian xiao zhong hua si xiang yan jiu: yi xiao hua wai shi wei zhong xin (On Korean little China thought in the culture realm: Taken xiaohua waishi as a focus). Journal of Beihua University (Social Science) 12 (3): 60–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miao, W. 2002. Hua yi guan de shan bian dui chao xian wang chao xi shou zhong guo wen hua de ying xiang (Effects of the changing of huayi concept on the absorbing of Chinese culture of Korean dynasty). Dong Jiang Journal 19 (3): 67–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nahm, A.C. 1988. Korea:Tradition & transformation—a history of the Korean people. Seoul: Hollym.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, S. 2013. Changing definitions of sovereignty in nineteenth-century East Asia: Japan and Korea between China and the West. Journal of East Asian Studies 13 (2): 281–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pyle, K.B. 2007a. Reading the new era in Asia: The use of history and culture in the making of foreign policy. Asia Policy 3: 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007b. Nationalism in East Asia. Asia Policy 3: 29–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, R.S. 2006. Balance of power politics and the rise of China: Accommodation and balancing in East Asia. Security Studies 15 (3): 355–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sang, Q. 2003. Ming chao shi qi zhong guo ru xue dui chao xian de ying xiang (The influence of Confucianism on Joseon during the Ming dynasty). Journal of Chang Chun Teachers College 22 (2): 51–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shin, G. 2011. History textbooks, divided memories, and reconciliation. In History textbooks and the war in Asia: Divided memories, ed. G. Shin and D.C. Sneider, 3–19. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuart-Fox, M. 2004. Southeast Asia and China: The role of history and culture in shaping future relations. Contemporary Southeast Asia 26 (1): 116–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, W. 2007. Da ming qi hao yu xiao zhong hua yi shi: chao xian wang chao zun zhou si ming wen ti yan jiu (1637–1800). Beijing: The Commercial Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Guardian. 2015. China military parade commemorates second world war victory—as it happened. The Guardian, September 3, Retrieved 30 September 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/sep/03/china-military-parade-to-commemorate-second-world-war-victory-live.

  • The Wall Street Journal. 2012. A plan for peace in North Asia. The Wall Street Journal, November 12. Retrieved 30 September 2015, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323894704578114310294100492.

  • ———. 2014. Chinese shrine to Korean assassin irks Japan. The Wall Street Journal, January 21. Retrieved 30 September 2015, http://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2014/01/21/chinese-shrine-to-korean-assassin-irks-japan.

  • Wang, Z. 2008. National humiliation, history education, and the politics of historical memory: Patriotic education campaign in China. International Studies Quarterly 52 (4): 783–806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z. 2013. Gu dai zhong chao guan xi shi zhong shi da yu zi xiao wen ti de ren shi lun (About the epistemology of shi da and zi xiao question between ancient China and Korea relationship in the history). Academics 3: 31–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X. 2014. Ming chao ban li chao xian ji qi ying xiang (The Ming government’s conferring almanacs to Korea and its influence). Journal of Historical Science 7: 55–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan, X. 2011. International leadership and norm evolution. The Chinese Journal of International Politics 4 (3): 233–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yonhap News Agency. 2012. Full text of South Korean foreign minister’s keynote speech at U.N. Yonhap News Agency, September 28. Retrieved 30 September 2012, http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2012/09/29/69/0301000000AEN20120929001300315F.HTML.

  • Zakaria, F., and K.Y. Lee. 1994. Culture is destiny: A conversation with Lee Kuan Yew. Foreign Affairs 73 (2): 109–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, G. 2014. Zhong wai shi xue bi jiao shi ye xia de zhong han shi xue bi jiao yan jiu shu lun (On the comparison of history study in China and Korea with a comparative perspective). North-east History and Geography 2: 69–75.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chan, R.K. (2018). Introduction. In: Korea-China Relations in History and Contemporary Implications. Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62265-1_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics