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Angel Flap for Nipple Reconstruction

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Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction

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Abstract

Creation of an aesthetically pleasing nipple plays a significant role in breast reconstruction as a determining factor in patient satisfaction. The goals for nipple reconstruction include minimal donor site morbidity and appropriate, long-lasting projection. The authors introduce the angel flap, which is designed to achieve nipple projection with lasting results. The lateral edges of the flap and the area surrounding the top of the nipple are de-epithelialized, and the flaps are wrapped to create a nipple mound composed primarily of dermis. Decreasing the amount of fat within core of the nipple and enhancing dermal content promote long-lasting projection. Furthermore, the incision pattern fits within a desired areolar size, preventing unnecessary superfluous extension of the incisions. This technique achieves the goals of nipple reconstruction, including adequate and long-lasting projection, without extension of the lateral limb scars.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic Surgery, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Suite 21126-CP, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA

    Wendy W. Wong M.D. & Mark C. Martin M.D., D.M.D.

  2. Gallery Plastic Surgery, 910 Major Sherman Lane, Suite 305, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA

    Wendy W. Wong M.D.

Authors
  1. Wendy W. Wong M.D.
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  2. Mark C. Martin M.D., D.M.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wendy W. Wong M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Private Practice, Tustin, California, USA

    Melvin A. Shiffman

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© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

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Wong, W.W., Martin, M.C. (2018). Angel Flap for Nipple Reconstruction. In: Shiffman, M. (eds) Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60925-6_60

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60925-6_60

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60924-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60925-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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