Skip to main content

Maximizing Nipple Graft Survival After Performing Free Nipple-Areolar Complex Reduction Mammaplasty

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction

Abstract

Gigantomastia is a condition characterized by massive breast enlargement during adolescence or pregnancy. There are different types of techniques that have been used to achieve aesthetically acceptable results after reduction mammoplasty of gynecomastia patients in order to avoid distortion and ischaemia of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC). In cases of massive hypertrophy though, the free nipple graft technique is still being performed by some surgeons out of fear of losing the nipple-areolar complex (NAC). The author described in 2008 the modified free NAC graft in the selected cases of gigantomastia where the surgeon chooses to use the free NAC graft in order to maximize the survival of the free NAC graft in the reduction mammoplasty cases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sterodimas A, Vargas A, Radwanski HN, Pitanguy I. The use of buflomedil in reduction mammaplasty for a previously irradiated breast: a case report. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2008;32(2):383–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Dafydd H, Roehl KR, Phillips LG, Dancey A, Peart F, Shokrollahi K. Redefining gigantomastia. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64:160–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Casas LA, Byun MY, Depoli PA. Maximizing breast projection after free-nipple-graft reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;107(4):955–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Koger KE, Sunde D, Press BH, et al. Reduction mammaplasty for gigantomastia using inferiorly based pedicle and free nipple transplantation. Ann Plast Surg. 1994;33:561–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Basaran K, Saydam FA, Ersin I, Yazar M, Aygit AC. The free-nipple breast-reduction technique performed with transfer of the nipple-areola complex over the superior or superomedial pedicles. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2014;38(4):718–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Rietjens M, De Lorenzi F, Andrea M, Chirappapha P, Martella S, Barbieri B, Gottardi A, Giuseppe L, Hamza A, Petit JY, Lohsiriwat V. Free nipple graft technique to correct nipple and areola malposition after breast procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2013;1(8):e69.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Sterodimas A, Pineda EF, Meirelles V, Pitanguy I. Maximizing nipple graft survival after performing free nipple-areolar complex reduction mammaplasty. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(8):971–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Benelli L. A new periareolar mammaplasty: the “round block” technique. Aesthet Plast Surg. 1990;14(2):93–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sterodimas A, Nicaretta B, Boriani F. Modified round block mastopexy versus traditional round block mastopexy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015;19(3):350–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Manahan MA, Buretta KJ, Chang D, Mithani SK, Mallalieu J, Shermak MA. An outcomes analysis of 2142 breast reduction procedures. Ann Plast Surg. 2015;74(3):289–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Dancey A, Khan M, Dawson J, Peart F. Gigantomastia—a classification and review of the literature. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(5):493–502.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Wettstein R, Christofides E, Pittet B, Psaras G, Harder Y. Superior pedicle breast reduction for hypertrophy with massive ptosis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64(4):500–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kling RE, Tobler WD Jr, Gusenoff JA, Rubin JP. Avoiding complications in gigantomastia. Clin Plast Surg. 2016;43(2):429–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lugo LM, Prada M, Kohanzadeh S, Mesa JM, Long JN, de la Torre J. Surgical outcomes of gigantomastia breast reduction superomedial pedicle technique: a 12-year retrospective study. Ann Plast Surg. 2013;70(5):533–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Amini P, Stasch T, Theodorou P, Altintas AA, Phan V, Spilker G. Vertical reduction mammaplasty combined with a superomedial pedicle in gigantomastia. Ann Plast Surg. 2010;64(3):279–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. See MH. Central pedicle reduction mammoplasty: a reliable technique. Gland Surg. 2014;3(1):51–4.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Fischer JP, Cleveland EC, Shang EK, Nelson JA, Serletti JM. Complications following reduction mammaplasty: a review of 3538 cases from the 2005-2010 NSQIP data sets. Aesthet Surg J. 2014;34(1):66–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kececi Y, Sir E, Gungor M. Patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes of breast reduction evaluated with generic questionnaires and the breast reduction assessed severity scale. Aesthet Surg J. 2015;35(1):48–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kalliainen LK, ASPS Health Policy Committee. ASPS clinical practice guideline summary on reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;130(4):785–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Fırat C, Gurlek A, Erbatur S, Aytekin AH. An autoprosthesis technique for better breast projection in free nipple graft reduction mammaplasty. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2012;36(6):1340–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lacerna M, Spears J, Mitra A, Medina C, McCampbell E, Kiran R, Mitra A. Avoiding free nipple grafts during reduction mammaplasty in patients with gigantomastia. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;55(1):21–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Spear SL, Pelletiere CV, Wolfe AJ, Tsangaris TN, Pennanen MF. Experience with reduction mammaplasty combined with breast conservation therapy in the treatment of breast cancer. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;111(3):1102–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aris Sterodimas M.D., M.Sc. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sterodimas, A. (2018). Maximizing Nipple Graft Survival After Performing Free Nipple-Areolar Complex Reduction Mammaplasty. In: Shiffman, M. (eds) Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60925-6_51

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60925-6_51

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60924-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60925-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics