Contribution of Muslim Scholars to Science and Technology

Abstract

The religion of Islam in its final form was founded during the lifetime of the prophet Muhammad (pbuh). After his death in 632, Islam continued to expand under the leadership of Muslim rulers, known as caliphs. The lands destined to become parts of the medieval Islamic world—from Transoxiana (Tr. Maveraunnehir) to Andalusia—were consolidated into a new spiritual universe within a single century after the death of the Prophet (pbuh). The revelation contained in the Qur’an, and expressed in the sacred language (Arabic), provided the unifying pattern into which many foreign elements became integrated and absorbed, in accordance with the universal spirit of Islam. In this region of the home of many earlier civilizations, Islam came into contact with a number of sciences, which it absorbed, to the extent that these sciences were compatible with its own spirit and was able to provide nourishment for its own characteristic cultural life.