Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the problem of learning how to interact safely with complex automated systems. With large systems, human–machine interaction errors like automation surprises are more likely to happen. Full-control mental models are formal system abstractions embedding the required information to completely control a system and avoid interaction surprises. They represent the internal system understanding that should be achieved by perfect operators. However, this concept provides no information about how operators should reach that level of competence. This work investigates the problem of splitting the teaching of full-control mental models into smaller independent learning units. These units each allow to control a subset of the system and can be learned incrementally to control more and more features of the system. This chapter explains how to formalize the learning process based on an operator that merges mental models. On that basis, we show how to generate a set of learning units with the required properties.
The original version of the book was revised: For detailed information please see Erratum. The erratum to the book is available at 10.1007/978-3-319-51838_21
An erratum to this chapter can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51838-1_21
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Blandford A, Cauchi A, Curzon P, Eslambolchilar P, Furniss D, Gimblett A, Huang H, Lee P, Li Y, Masci P, Oladimeji P, Rajkomar A, Rukšėnas R, Thimbleby H (2011) Comparing actual practice and user manuals: a case study based on programmable infusion pumps. In: Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on engineering interactive computing systems for medecine and health care (EICS4Med 2011)
Bolton ML, Bass EJ, Siminiceanu RI (2008) Using formal methods to predict human error and system failures. In: Proceedings of the second international conference on applied human factors and ergonomics (AHFE 2008)
Buth B (2004) Analysing mode confusion: an approach using FDR2. In: Heisel M, Liggesmeyer P, Wittmann S (eds) Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on computer safety, reliability and security (SAFECOMP 2004). Lecture notes in computer science, vol 3219. Springer, pp 101–114
Campos JC, Harrison MD (2008) Systematic analysis of control panel interfaces using formal tools. In: Graham TCN, Palanque PA (eds) Proceedings of the 15th international workshop on design, specification and verification of interactive systems (DSV-IS 2008). Lecture notes in computer science, vol 5136. Springer, pp 72–85
Campos JC, Harrison MD, Loer K (2004) Verifying user interfaces behaviour with model checking. In: Augusto JC, Ultes-Nitsche U (eds) Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on verification and validation of enterprise information systems (VVEIS 2004). INSTICC Press, pp 87–96
Carroll JM, Anderson NS, Olson JR et al (1987) Mental models in human-computer interaction: research issues about what the user of software knows, Number 12. National academies
Combéfis S (2013) A formal framework for the analysis of human-machine interactions. PhD thesis, Université catholique de Louvain
Combéfis S, Pecheur C (2009) A bisimulation-based approach to the analysis of human-computer interaction. In: Calvary G, Graham TCN, Gray P (eds) Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI symposium on engineering interactive computing systems (EICS 2009). ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp 101–110
Combéfis S, Giannakopoulou D, Pecheur C, Feary M (2011a) Learning system abstractions for human operators. Proceedings of the 2011 international workshop on machine learning technologies in software engineering (MALETS 2011). New York, NY, USA. ACM, pp 3–10
Combéfis S, Giannakopoulou D, Pecheur C, Feary M (2011b) A formal framework for design and analysis of human-machine interaction. In: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE international conference on systems, man, and cybernetics (SMC 2011). IEEE, pp 1801–1808
Delp C, Lam D, Fosse E, Lee C-Y (2013) Model based document and report generation for systems engineering. In: 2013 IEEE aerospace conference. IEEE, pp 1–11
Michael Heymann, Asaf Degani (2007) Formal analysis and automatic generation of user interfaces: approach, methodology, and an algorithm. Hum Factors: J Hum Factors Ergon Soc 49(2):311–330
Kieras David E, Polson Peter G (1985) An approach to the formal analysis of user complexity. Int J Man-Mach Stud 22(4):365–394
Palmer E (1995) “oops, it didn’t arm.”—a case study of two automation surprises. In: Jensen RS, Rakovan LA (eds) Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on aviation psychology (ISAP 1995), April 1995
Rushby J (2002) Using model checking to help discover mode confusions and other automation surprises. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 75(2):167–177
Sarter NB, Woods DD, Billings CE (1997) Automation surprises. In: Salvendy G (ed) Handbook of human factors and ergonomics, chapter 57. Wiley, pp 1926–1943
Spichkova M, Zhu X, Mou D (2014) Do we really need to write documentation for a system? CASE tool add-ons: generator+editor for a precise documentation. CoRR, 2014. http://arXiv.org/abs/1404.7265
Nancy Staggers, Norcio Anthony F (1993) Mental models: concepts for human-computer interaction research. Int J Man-Mach Stud 38(4):587–605
Thimbleby HW, Ladkin PB (1995) A proper explanation when you need one. In: Kirby MAR, Dix AJ, Finlay JM (eds) Proceedings of HCI ’95 people and computers X, Huddersfield, August 1995. University Press, pp 107–118. ISBN 0-521-56729-7
Harold Thimbleby, Ladkin Peter B (1996) From logic to manuals. Softw Eng J 11(6):347–354
Tretmans J (2008) Model based testing with labelled transition systems. In: Hierons R, Bowen J, Harman M (eds) Formal methods and testing. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 4949. Springer, pp 1–38
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maudoux, G., Pecheur, C., Combéfis, S. (2017). Learning Safe Interactions and Full-Control. In: Weyers, B., Bowen, J., Dix, A., Palanque, P. (eds) The Handbook of Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction. Human–Computer Interaction Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51838-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51838-1_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51837-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51838-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)