Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An Overview of Autonomous Intelligent Vehicle Systems

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Vehicle and Automotive Engineering

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering ((LNME))

Abstract

Vehicles, whose functions are enriched with attributes to increase safety, environmental awareness, effectiveness, comfort level and prestige, so that they can play a key role in creating optimal mobility, are now being invented, planned and manufactured for general use. Throughout the full spectrum of transport, vehicles will soon exempt people from the routine of driving. If people do not need to drive their cars, will their driving skills deteriorate or will they entirely fail to develop this skill later on? Is this threatening us in the near future? What are the latest research results and regulations on autonomous vehicles? What are the actual advantages of vehicle automation? We are trying to find the answers to these questions in our article, while analysing and systematizing information from the national and international literature on the development of intelligent vehicles by examining the interaction between various ground transport vehicles, and the related developments on the subject. Our goal is to create automatic intelligent vehicle systems, within the concept of intelligent infrastructures and smart cities. The paper provides an FMEA analysis of intelligent vehicles. To decrease the explored deficiencies in the present system, applicable proposals are formulated about development areas, such as forming a communication between vehicular traffic and railed vehicles. We feel that such developments are important steps in increasing traffic safety, and we regard them as elements of intelligent transport.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Statistical Yearbook of Traffic Accidents (2014) [Online]. https://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/baleset/baleset14.pdf. Accessed 10 Aug 2016

  2. Directive 2010/40/EU, Intelligent Transport Systems in the field of road transport, as well as framework for interfaces with other transport modes [Online]. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HU/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32010L0040&from=EN. Accessed 10 Aug 2016

  3. Mester Gy (2010) Service robots, VMTT Konferencia, Novi Sad, Serbia. ISBN 978-86-88077-02-6 (in Hungarian)

    Google Scholar 

  4. World’s first electric road opens in Sweden [Online]. https://www.scania.com/group/en/worlds-first-electric-road-opens-in-sweden/. Accessed 10 Aug 2016

  5. Előd F (2016) According to Orbán and Varga the autonomous car-manufacturing in the future of the Hungarian industry [Online]. http://index.hu/gazdasag/2016/05/19/orban_es_varga_szerint_az_onvezeto_autogyartas_a_magyar_ipar_jovoje/. Accessed 12 Aug 2016 (in Hungarian)

  6. Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on ‘The effects of digitalisation on the services sector and employment in relation to industrial change’(exploratory opinion) (2016/C 013/24) [Online]. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1470258424676&uri=CELEX:52015AE0765. Accessed 12 Aug 2016

  7. Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Digitising European Industry Reaping the full benefits of a Digital Single Market {SWD(2016) 110 final}, Brussels [Online]. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1470258424676&uri=CELEX:52016DC0180. Accessed 12 Aug 2016

  8. Commission staff working document, Online Platforms Accompanying the document Communication on Online Platforms and the Digital Single Market {COM(2016) 288 final}, Brussels [Online]. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1470258424676&uri=CELEX:52016SC0172. Accessed 12 Aug 2016

  9. Urmson C, Whittaker W (2008) Self-driving cars and the urban challenge. IEEE Intell Syst 23(2):66–68. doi:10.1109/MIS.2008.34. ISSN 1541-1672, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4475861&isnumber=4475846

  10. Kim T, Jeong HY (2010) Crash probability and error rates for head-on collisions based on stochastic analyses. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 11(4):896–904. doi:10.1109/TITS.2010.2053536. ISSN 1524-9050. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5504226&isnumber=5635426

  11. Sugimoto M et al (2000) Realization of head-on collision warning system at intersections-DSSS: driving safety support systems. In: Intelligent vehicles symposium, 2000. IV 2000. Proceedings of the IEEE, Dearborn, MI, 2000, pp 731–735. doi:10.1109/IVS.2000.898436. ISBN 0-7803-6363-9. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=898436&isnumber=19432

  12. El-Shamy EF (2010) Head-on collisions of two electrostatic solitary waves in electron–positron–ion plasmas. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 38(4):909–914. doi:10.1109/TPS.2010.2042465. ISSN 0093-3813. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5433006&isnumber=5444580

  13. Wang J et al (2013) An adaptive longitudinal driving assistance system based on driver characteristics. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 14(1):1–12. doi:10.1109/TITS.2012.2205143. ISSN 1524-9050. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6236181&isnumber=6470717

  14. Kelsch J (2016) Human-Vehicle Integration in EU-AdaptIVe, ITS World Congress, Bordeaux, France [Online]. https://www.adaptive-ip.eu/files/adaptive/content/downloads/Deliverables%20%26%20papers/Kelsch_AdaptIVe%20SP3%202015%20-%20ITSCongress.pdf. Accessed 25 Aug 2016

  15. Weber T (2016) ECO, spectrum management: activities in CEPT (European Spectrum Regulation) for applications in transport and traffic telematics including sensors, trends in automotive radar and impact on system architecture workshop, March 14–17. Munich, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  16. SAE International (2016) Automated driving levels of driving automation are defined in New Sae International Standard J3016 [Online]. http://www.sae.org/misc/pdfs/automated_driving.pdf. Accessed 25 Aug 2016

  17. Venkateswaran KG et al (2015) Impact of automation on the capacity of a mainline railway: a preliminary hypothesis and methodology. In: 2015 IEEE 18th international conference on intelligent transportation systems, Las Palmas, 2015, pp 2097–2102. doi:10.1109/ITSC.2015.339. ISSN 2153-0009. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7313431&isnumber=7312804

  18. Wang Y et al (2008) A novel automatic train operation algorithm based on iterative learning control theory. In: IEEE international conference on service operations and logistics, and informatics, 2008. IEEE/SOLI 2008, Beijing, pp 1766–1770. doi:10.1109/SOLI.2008.4682815. ISBN 978-1-4244-2012-4. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4682815&isnumber=4682741

  19. Dominguez M et al (2012) Energy savings in metropolitan railway substations through regenerative energy recovery and optimal design of ATO speed profiles. IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng 9(3):496–504. doi:10.1109/TASE.2012.2201148. ISSN 1545-5955. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6213573&isnumber=6226882

  20. Zuo J et al (2010) Feedback control of pneumatic brake of urban railway train under ATO mode. In: 2010 international conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE), Henan, 2010, pp 1–4. doi:10.1109/ICEEE.2010.5660567. ISBN 978-1-4244-7159-1. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5660567&isnumber=5660092

  21. Chang CS, Sim SS (1997) Optimising train movements through coast control using genetic algorithms. In: IEE proceedings—electric power applications, vol 144, no 1, pp 65–73. doi:10.1049/ip-epa:19970797. ISSN 1350-2352. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=583371&isnumber=12657

  22. Liu J et al (2013) An analysis of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) based positioning for train collision early warning. In: Intelligent vehicles symposium (IV), 2013 IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, 2013, pp 1065–1070. doi:10.1109/IVS.2013.6629607. ISSN 1931-0587. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6629607&isnumber=6629437

  23. Skillingberg M, Green J (2007) Aluminum applications in the rail industry. Light Metal Age-Chicago 65(5):8

    Google Scholar 

  24. Jun HK, Kim JH (2007) Life cycle cost modeling for railway vehicle. In: ICEMS. international conference on electrical machines and systems, Seoul, 2007, pp 1989–1994. ISBN 978-89-86510-07-2. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4412054&isnumber=4411938

  25. Baumgartner JP (2001) Prices and costs in the railway sector. Laboratoire d’Intermodalité des Tansports Et de Planification, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne

    Google Scholar 

  26. Dominguez M et al (2012) Energy savings in metropolitan railway substations through regenerative energy recovery and optimal design of ATO speed profiles. IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng 9(3):496–504. doi:10.1109/TASE.2012.2201148. ISSN 1545-5955. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6213573&isnumber=6226882

  27. Zhu L et al (2012) Handoff performance improvements in MIMO-enabled communication-based train control systems. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 13(2):582–593. doi:10.1109/TITS.2012.2188288. ISSN 1524-9050. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6183515&isnumber=6205705

  28. Darai L (2013) Metrók, metró biztonsága, oktatási vázlat, slide show [Online]. http://www.kjit.bme.hu/images/stories/targyak/metro/automatiz_goa_5r.pdf. Accessed 10 Jan 2016

  29. Oh S, Yoon Y, Kim Y (2012) Automatic train protection simulation for radio-based train control system. In: 2012 international conference on information science and applications, Suwon, 2012, pp 1–4. doi:10.1109/ICISA.2012.6220965. ISBN 978-1-4673-1402-2. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6220965&isnumber=6220919

  30. International association of public transport: metro automation facts, figures and trends, p 1, 2012, Brüsszel [Online]. http://metroautomation.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Automated_metros_Atlas_General_Public_2012.pdf. Accessed 26 Aug 2016

  31. Rail automation—reaching out across Europe, 6th August 2016 [Online]. http://www.railengineer.uk/2016/08/06/rail-automation-reaching-out-across-europe/. Accessed 26 Aug 2016

  32. Tokodi D, Schuster G, Ihász J (2014) SMART Rail technológiák lehetőségei, az intelligens vasúti hálózatok kialakításának kérdései. Vezetékek Világa: magyar vasúttechnikai szemle 19(2):11–15

    Google Scholar 

  33. Tokody D, Schuster Gy (2015) I2—Intelligent Infrastructure. In: Schmidt P et al (ed) Reviewed proceedings fifth international scientific videoconference of scientists and PhD. students or candidates: trends and innovations in E-business, education and security, 129 pp, Bratislava, Szlovákia. University of Economics in Bratislava, pp 121–128. ISBN 978-80-225-4191-6

    Google Scholar 

  34. International Telecommunication Union, smart sustainable cities: an analysis of definitions, p 21 [Online]. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/ssc/Documents/Approved_Deliverables/TR-Definitions.docx. Accessed 21 Dec 2015

  35. Tokody D, Holicza P, Schuster G (2016) The smart mobility aspects of intelligent railway. In: 2016 IEEE 11th international symposium on applied computational intelligence and informatics (SACI), pp 323–326. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  36. Trebuňa F et al (2012) Modelling of mechanical and mechatronics systems intelligent vehicles as the robotic applications. Procedia Eng 48:105–114. ISSN 1877-7058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.09.492

  37. Milanés V et al (2010) Clavileño: Evolution of an autonomous car. In: 2010 13th international IEEE conference on intelligent transportation systems (ITSC), Funchal, 2010, pp 1129–1134. doi:10.1109/ITSC.2010.5624971. ISSN 2153-0009. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5624971&isnumber=5624963

  38. Jo K, Sunwoo M (2014) Generation of a precise roadway map for autonomous cars. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 15(3):925–937. doi:10.1109/TITS.2013.2291395. ISSN 1524-9050. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6680774&isnumber=6823199

  39. Pozna C, Antonya C (2016) Issues about autonomous cars. In: 2016 IEEE 11th international symposium on applied computational intelligence and informatics (SACI), Timisoara, Romania, 2016, pp 13–18. doi:10.1109/SACI.2016.7507360. ISBN 978-1-5090-2379-0. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7507360&isnumber=7507333

  40. Uhlemann E (2015) Introducing connected vehicles [connected vehicles]. IEEE Vehicular Technol Mag 10(1):23–31. doi:10.1109/MVT.2015.2390920, ISSN 1556-6072. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7047294&isnumber=7047264

  41. Kaempchen N et al (2009) Situation assessment of an autonomous emergency brake for arbitrary vehicle-to-vehicle collision scenarios. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 10(4):678–687. doi:10.1109/TITS.2009.2026452. ISSN 1524-9050. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5161310&isnumber=5338639

  42. Tokody D (2016) Smart mobility. In: Enikő B (ed) Proceedings of the XXI-th international scientific conference of young engineers, 452 pp, Kolozsvár, Románia. Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület (EME), pp 401–404

    Google Scholar 

  43. Sukuvaara T, Nurmi P (2009) Wireless traffic service platform for combined vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. IEEE Wireless Commun 16(6):54–61. doi:10.1109/MWC.2009.5361179. ISSN 1536-1284. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5361179&isnumber=5361167

  44. Harding J et al (2014) Vehicle-to-vehicle communications: readiness of V2V technology for application (Report No. DOT HS 812 014). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  45. Seo H et al (2016) LTE evolution for vehicle-to-everything services. IEEE Commun Mag 54(6):22–28. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2016.7497762. ISSN 0163-6804. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7497762&isnumber=7497754

  46. Tokody D, Maros D, Schuster Gy, Tiszavölgyi Zs. (2016) Communication-based intelligent railway—implementation of GSM-R system in Hungary. In: 2016 IEEE 14th international symposium on applied machine intelligence and informatics (SAMI), Herlany, pp 99–104. doi:10.1109/SAMI.2016.7422989

  47. Hank P et al (2013) Automotive ethernet: in-vehicle networking and smart mobility. In: Design, automation & test in Europe conference & exhibition (DATE), Grenoble, France, 2013, pp 1735–1739. doi:10.7873/DATE.2013.349. ISSN 1530-1591. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6513795&isnumber=6513446

  48. Cvijić B et al (2016) Cloud based web application supporting vehicle toll payment system. In: 2016 5th Mediterranean conference on embedded computing (MECO), Bar, Montenegro, 2016, pp 489–492. doi:10.1109/MECO.2016.7525700. ISBN 978-1-5090-2220-5. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7525700&isnumber=7525673

  49. Ipakchi A, Albuyeh F (2009) Grid of the future. IEEE Power Energy Mag 7(2):52–62. doi:10.1109/MPE.2008.931384. ISSN 1540-7977. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4787536&isnumber=4787510

  50. Deilami S et al (2011) Real-time coordination of plug-in electric vehicle charging in smart grids to minimize power losses and improve voltage profile. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 2(3):456–467. doi:10.1109/TSG.2011.2159816. ISSN 1949-3053. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5986769&isnumber=5993785

  51. Sortomme E et al (2011) Coordinated charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles to minimize distribution system losses. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 2(1):198–205. doi:10.1109/TSG.2010.2090913. ISSN 1949-3053. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5664815&isnumber=5715606

  52. Tokody D, Schuster G (2016) Driving forces behind smart city implementations—The Next Smart Revolution, manuscript

    Google Scholar 

  53. Prime Faraday Technology Watch—January 2002: an introduction to MEMS. ISBN 1-84402-020-7. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/mechman/research/ipm-ktn/pdf/Technology_review/an-introduction-to-mems.pdf

  54. Tokody D, Papp J, Schuster Gy (2015) The challenges of the intelligent railway network implementation: Initial thoughts from Hungary. In: Gogolák L, Fürstner I (eds) Proceedings of the 3rd international conference and workshop mechatronics in practice and education—MECHEDU 2015, Szabadka, Szerbia, 2015.05.14–2015.05.16. Subotica Technical College of Applied Sciences, pp 179–185. ISBN 978-86-918815-0-4

    Google Scholar 

  55. Mesterséges Intelligencia Almanach [Online]. http://mialmanach.mit.bme.hu/aima/ch01. Accessed 21 Dec 2015

  56. Blum JJ et al (2004) Challenges of intervehicle ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 5(4):347–351. doi:10.1109/TITS.2004.838218. ISSN 1524-9050. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1364012&isnumber=29884

  57. Lytrivis P (2015) A holistic approach for automated transport systems. In: iMobility forum plenary meeting, 21 October 2015, Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  58. Cohen B (2015) The smartest cities in the world 2015: methodology [Online]. http://www.fastcoexist.com/3038818/the-smartest-cities-in-the-world-2015-methodology. Accessed 20 Dec 2015

  59. Siergiejczyk M (2015) Communication architecture in the chosen telematics transport systems. [Online]. http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/37575.pdf. Accessed 21 Dec 2015

Download references

Acknowledgement

The research on which the publication is based has been carried out within the framework of the project entitled “The Development of Intelligent Railway Information and Safety Systems”. This research has been realised by using the resources of the National Talent Programme, Grant Scheme for the Nation’s Young Talents (Application number: NTP-NFTÖ-16-0582) and the support of the Human Resource Support Office and the Ministry of Human Resources.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary

    Daniel Tokody, Imre János Mezei & György Schuster

Authors
  1. Daniel Tokody
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Imre János Mezei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. György Schuster
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel Tokody .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Miskolci Egyetem, University of Miskolc Miskolci Egyetem, Miskolc, Egyetemvaros, Hungary

    Károly Jármai

  2. Miskolci Egyetem, University of Miskolc Miskolci Egyetem, Miskolc, Hungary

    Betti Bolló

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Tokody, D., Mezei, I.J., Schuster, G. (2017). An Overview of Autonomous Intelligent Vehicle Systems. In: Jármai, K., Bolló, B. (eds) Vehicle and Automotive Engineering. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51189-4_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51189-4_27

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51188-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51189-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation