Abstract
Austerity politics that the EU and the Spanish government have enacted from 2010 onwards in response to the economic crisis is changing the Spanish gender regime in more neoliberal and conservative directions. However, feminist and civil society’s struggles against austerity and anti-equality policies, women’s resistance to ‘go back home’, and new local governments emerging from civic platforms have offered political opportunities for resisting the changes in the gender regime, preventing so far the redomestication of women. Deregulatory employment policies, budget cuts in gender equality policies, and restructuring of the equality machinery, together with feminist and civil society’s anti-austerity struggles, indicate that the Spanish gender regime is still public, though more neoliberal.
Keywords
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Addabbo, Tindara, Paula Rodríguez and Lina Gálvez. 2013. Gender and the Great Recession: Changes in labour supply in Spain. DEMB Working Paper Series N. 10. http://merlino.unimo.it/campusone/web_dep/wpdemb/0010.pdf. Accessed 23 October 2015.
Alonso, Alba. 2015. Is Sisterhood Under Threat? The Women's Movement and the Independence Referendum in Scotland and Catalonia. Paper presented at the ECPG Conference, Uppsala, 11–13 June.
Ballester-Pastor, Marisa. 2012. Legal Effects of the Economic Crisis on Gender Equality in Spain: Effects on the Right to Reconciliate Work and Family after the 2012 Labour Law Reform. European Gender Equality Law Review 2: 20–29.
Bettio, Francesca, Marcella Corsi, Carlo D’Ippoliti, Antigone Lyberaki, Manuela Samek Lodovici, and Alina Verashchagina. 2012. The Impact of the Economic Crisis on the Situation of Women and Men and on Gender Equality Policies. Brussels: The European Commission.
Bustelo, Maria. 2016. Three Decades of State Feminism and Gender Equality Policies in Multi-Governed Spain. Sex Roles 74(3): 107–120.
Bustelo, Maria and Emanuela Lombardo. 2012. Understanding and Assessing Quality in Gender Violence Policies in Italy and Spain. Paper presented at the ECPR Joint Sessions, Antwerp 10–15 April 2012.
Bustelo, Maria, and Candice Ortbals. 2007. The Evolution of Spanish State Feminism. A Fragmented Landscape. In Changing State Feminism, ed. Joyce Outshoorn and Johanna Kantola, 201–223. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Calvo, Kerman. 2013. Fighting for a Voice: The Spanish 15-M/Indignados Movement in Spain. In Understanding European Movements: New Social Movements, Global Justice Struggles, Anti-Austerity Protest, ed. Laurence Cox and Cristina Flesher Fominaya, 236–253. London: Routledge.
Calvo, Kerman, and Iago Álvarez. 2015. Limitaciones y exclusiones en la institucionalización de la indignación: del 15-M a Podemos. Revista Española de Sociología 24: 123–131.
Calvo, Kerman, and Irene Martín. 2009. Ungrateful Citizens? Women’s Rights Policies in Zapatero's Spain. South European Society and Politics 14(4): 487–502.
Ciccia, Rossella, and Mieke Verloo. 2012. Parental Leave Regulations and the Persistence of the Male Breadwinner Model: Using Fuzzy-set Ideal Type Analysis to Assess Gender Equality in an Enlarged Europe. Journal of European Social Policy 22(5): 507–528.
Clavero, Sara. 2015. Gender Democracy in Spain: Undemocratic Compliance and the Domestication of European Law. In States of Democracy. Gender Politics and the European Union, ed. Yvonne Galligan, 137–151. London: Routledge.
Council of the European Union. 2011. Council Recommendation of 12 July 2011 on the National Reform Programme 2011 of Spain and delivering a Council opinion on the updated Stability Programme of Spain, 2011–2014. Brussels: Official Journal of the European Union (2011/C 212/01).
———. 2012. Council Recommendation on the National Reform Programme 2012 of Spain and Delivering a Council Opinion on the Stability Programme for Spain, 2012–2015. Brussels: Official Journal of the European Union (2012/11273/12).
Cruells, Marta, and Sonia Ruiz. 2014. Political Intersectionality Within the Spanish Indignados Social Movement. Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change 37: 3–25.
Cruells, Marta, and Pedro Ybarra, ed. 2013. La democracia del futuro. Del 15M a la emergencia de una sociedad civil viva. Barcelona: Icaria.
García, Joana. 2014. Feminismos poniendo el cuerpo frente a la doctrina del shock y la misoginia institucional. Anuario Movimientos Sociales 2013. Fundación Betiko. http://fundacionbetiko.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Feminismos-bajo-doctrina-del-shock-1-1.pdf. Accessed 1 September 2016
———. 2015. Feminismos en tiempos de resistencias a la austeridad y confluencias por la ruptura con el 78. Anuario Movimientos Sociales 2014. Fundación Betiko. http://fundacionbetiko.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Movimiento-feminista-2014.pdf. Accessed 1 September 2016
Gobierno de España. 2015. Ley de Presupuestos Generales del Estado para el año 2016. http://www.congreso.es/docu/pge2016/pge2016/PGE-ROM/doc/L_16_A_1.PDF. Accessed 1 September 2016
González, Elvira. 2011. Crisis and Recovery in Spain. Labour Market Impact on Men and Women. In EGGE National Report. Brussels: European Commission.
González, Elvira, and Marcelo Segales. 2014. Women, Gender Equality and the Economic Crisis in Spain. In Women and Austerity. The Economic Crisis and the Future for Gender Equality, ed. Maria Karamessini and Jill Rubery, 229–247. London: Routlegde.
Guillén, Ana, and Margarita León, ed. 2011. The Spanish Welfare State in European Context. Farnham: Ashgate.
Ibáñez, Zyab, and Margarita León. 2014. Early Childhood Education and Care Provision in Spain. In The Transformation of Care in European Societies, ed. Margarita León, 276–300. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
INE. 2007. Encuestas de empleo del tiempo. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. www.ine.es. Accessed 1 September 2016
———. 2010. Encuesta de empleo del tiempo. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. http://www.ine.es/prensa/eet_prensa.htm. Accessed 1 September 2016
IPU. 2012. Women in National Parliaments. Interparliamentary Union. http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm
Klatzer, Elisabeth, and Christa Schlager. 2014. Gender and Macroeconomics: Economic Governance in the European Union—Reconfiguration of Gendered Power Structures and Erosion of Gender Equality. In The Sage Handbook of Feminist Theory, ed. Mary Evans, Claire Hemmings, Marsha Henry, Hazel Johnstone, Sumi Madhok, Ania Plomien, and Sadie Wearing. London: Sage.
Lahey, Kathleen, and Paloma de Villota. 2013. Economic Crisis, Gender Equality, and Policy Responses in Spain and Canada. Feminist Economics 19(3): 82–107.
Lombardo, Emanuela, and Margarita León. 2015. Políticas de igualdad de género y sociales en España: origen, desarrollo y desmantelamiento en un contexto de crisis económica. Revista de investigaciones feministas 5: 13–35.
McAdam, Doug, John McCarthy, and Mayer Zald, ed. 1996. Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements. Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Paleo, Natalia, and Alba Alonso. 2015. ¿Es sólo una cuestión de austeridad? Crisis económica y políticas de género en España. Revista de Investigaciones Feministas 5: 36–68.
Pavolini, Emmanuele, Margarita León, Ana M. Guillén, and Ugo Ascoli. 2015. From Austerity to Permanent Strain? The EU and Welfare State Reform in Italy and Spain. Comparative European Politics 13(1): 56–76.
Peterson, Elin. 2011. Beyond the “women-friendly” welfare state: Framing gender inequality as a policy problem in Spanish and Swedish politics of care. PhD diss., Madrid Complutense University.
Pierson, Paul. 1998. Irresistible Forces, Immovable Objects: Post-Industrial Welfare States Confront Permanent Austerity. Journal of European Public Policy 5(4): 539–560.
San José, Begoña. 2015. Igualdad versus Austeridad: Resistencia, protestas y propuestas del movimiento feminista. Revista de investigaciones feministas 5: 185–206.
Statistical Office of the European Communities. 2013. EUROSTAT: Regional statistics. Reference guide. Luxembourg: Eurostat.
———. 2012. EUROSTAT: Regional statistics. Reference guide. Luxembourg: Eurostat.
———. 2007. EUROSTAT: Regional statistics. Reference guide. Luxembourg: Eurostat.
Streeck, Wolfgang, and Kathleen Thelen, ed. 2005. Beyond Continuity. Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Valiente, Celia. 2013. Gender equality policymaking in Spain (2008–11): Losing momentum. In Politics and Society in Contemporary Spain: From Zapatero to Rajoy, ed. Bonnie Field and Alfonso Botti, 179–195. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
———. 2007. Are Gender Equality Institutions the Policy Allies of the Feminist Movement? A Contingent ‘Yes’ in the Spanish Central State. South European Society & Politics 12(3): 315–334.
———. 2006. El feminismo de Estado en España: El Instituto de la Mujer (1983–2003). Valencia: Universitat de Vàlencia.
———. 2003. The Feminist Movement and the Reconfigured State in Spain, 1970–2000. In Women’s Movement: Facing the Reconfigured State, ed. Lee Ann Banazak, Karen Beckwith, and Dieter Rucht, 30–47. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Verge, Tània and Emanuela Lombardo. forthcoming. “Gender quotas in Spain: broad coverage, uneven treatment”. In Transforming Gender Equality. The Irresistible Rise of Gender Quotas in Europe, eds. Eleonore Lépinard and Ruth Rubio. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. EUI LAW; 2015/24. http://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/35807
Villa, Paola, and Mark Smith. 2011. National Reform Programmes 2011: A Gender Perspective, External report commissioned by and presented to the European Commission Directorate-General for Justice, Unit D1 Equality between men and women. Brussels: European Commission.
Walby, Sylvia. 2015. Crisis. Cambridge: Polity.
———. 2009. Globalization and Inequalities. Complexity and Contested Modernities. London: Sage.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lombardo, E. (2017). Austerity Politics and Feminist Struggles in Spain: Reconfiguring the Gender Regime?. In: Kantola, J., Lombardo, E. (eds) Gender and the Economic Crisis in Europe. Gender and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50778-1_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50778-1_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50777-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50778-1
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)