Abstract
Carbon anodes are called the heart of aluminum electrolysis cells and contribute to about 15% of total production cost of aluminum. In case of poor quality, this contribution can reach 25%. The final quality of the carbon anodes and their behavior in the electrolysis cells depend on the conditions during the baking process. In any case, a low-quality green anode cannot be improved during baking. However, the quality of green anodes can deteriorate if the parameters of the baking process are not properly adjusted.
The objective of this work is to study the effect of introducing a plateau during baking on the properties of carbon anodes. The samples were characterized before and after baking by measuring their density and electrical resistivity which are important in defining the final quality of the anode samples. The experimental data were also analysed using the artificial neural network model (ANN). The article will present the results of this study.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Keller, F., Oderbolz, S. Process Controlled Operation of Baking Furnaces, light Metals 1985, 1107–1123.
Belitskus, D.L. An evaluation of relative effects of coke, formulation, and baking factors on aluminium reduction cell anode performance. Light Metals 1993, 677–681.
Fischer, W., K., Keller, F, Perruchoud, R., Oderbolz, S. (1993). Baking parameters and the resulting anode quality. Light Metals 1993, 683–689.
Severo, D., Peter Sulger, P., Keller, F., Meier, M. Recent Developments in Anode Baking Furnace Design, Light Metals 2011, 853–858
Amrani, S., Kocaefe, D., Kocaefe, Y., Morais, B., Blaney, G., Effect of heating rate on the crack formation during baking in carbon anodes used in aluminium industry, Light Metals 2014, 1175–1180.
Kocaefe, D., Xie, Y., Kocaefe, Y., Wei, L., Zou, S., Wu, A. Thermogravimetric Study on Devolatilization Kinetics of Cinalco anodes during Baking. Journal of materials Science Research 2013, Vol 2, No. 2, 22–34.
Felix Keller, Peter Sulger, Markus Meier, Dagoberto Severo, Vanderlei Gusberti, “Specific Energy Consumption in Anode Bake Furnaces”, Light Metals 2010, 1005–1010
White, H. Artificial neural networks: Approximation and Learning Theory, Blackwell, Cambridge, 1992.
ASTM D5502–00 (2010). Standard Test Method for Apparent Density by Physical measurements of manufactured Anode and Cathode Carbon Used by the Aluminium Industry, ASTM International, 1225–1226.
ASTM D6120–97 (2007). Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Anode and Cathode Carbon Material at Room Temperature, ASTM International 320–322.
Bhattacharyay, D., Kocaefe, D., Kocaefe, Y., Morais, B., Comparison of Linear Multivariable, Partial Least Square Regression and Artificial Neural Network Analyses to Study the Effect of Different Parameters on Anode Properties, Light Metals, 2015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chamam, Y., Kocaefe, D., Kocaefe, Y., Bhattacharyay, D., Morais, B. (2016). Effect of Heating Rate During Baking on the Properties of Carbon Anodes Used in Aluminum Industry. In: Williams, E. (eds) Light Metals 2016. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_159
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_159
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-48615-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-48251-4
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)