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Polymorphisms in Non-coding RNA Genes and Their Targets Sites as Risk Factors of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer

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Non-coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 937))

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease that develops as a consequence of both genetic and environmental risk factors in interplay with epigenetic mechanisms, such as microRNAs (miRNAs). CRC cases are predominantly sporadic in which the disease develops with no apparent hereditary syndrome. The last decade has seen the progress of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that allowed the discovery of several genetic regions and variants associated with weak effects on sporadic CRC. Collectively these variants may enable a more accurate prediction of an individual’s risk to the disease and its prognosis. However, the number of variants contributing to CRC is still not fully explored.

SNPs in genes encoding the miRNA sequence or in 3′UTR regions of the corresponding binding sites may affect miRNA transcription, miRNA processing, and/or the fidelity of the miRNA–mRNA interaction. These variants could plausibly impact miRNA expression and target mRNA translation into proteins critical for cellular integrity, differentiation, and proliferation.

In the present chapter, we describe the different aspects of variations related to miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and evidence from studies investigating these candidate genetic alterations in support to their role in CRC development and progression.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (AZV MZ 15-26535A) and Czech Science Foundation (GA15-08239S).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic

    Pavel Vodicka, Barbara Pardini, Veronika Vymetalkova & Alessio Naccarati

  2. Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic

    Pavel Vodicka & Veronika Vymetalkova

  3. Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic

    Pavel Vodicka

  4. Human Genetics Foundation - Torino (HuGeF), via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy

    Barbara Pardini & Alessio Naccarati

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  1. Pavel Vodicka
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  2. Barbara Pardini
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  3. Veronika Vymetalkova
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  4. Alessio Naccarati
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Correspondence to Pavel Vodicka .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

    Ondrej Slaby

  2. Department of Experimental Therapeutics Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    George A. Calin

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Vodicka, P., Pardini, B., Vymetalkova, V., Naccarati, A. (2016). Polymorphisms in Non-coding RNA Genes and Their Targets Sites as Risk Factors of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer. In: Slaby, O., Calin, G. (eds) Non-coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 937. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_7

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