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Notes
- 1.
For solid bodies, all the directions which point outwards from a given closed volume are considered to be positive. A tensile stress is therefore termed positive and a pressure (compressive stress) is negative. In liquids, usually the opposite sign is used by convention: A positive pressure p compresses the liquid volume, a negative p tends to expand it like a tensile stress.
- 2.
This experiment also illustrates the lubrication of bearings through the laminar flow of a fluid, as described in Sect. 10.3.
- 3.
This is a convenient but lax way of putting it. The pressure itself has no direction, but instead only the corresponding force.
- 4.
Reflections of light simulate the appearance of bridges between neighboring droplets in some places in the image.
- 5.
An excellent excerpt from his principal work, “Nova experimenta (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica”, was published in 1912 by R. Voigtländer, Leipzig, as a German translation. No beginning physicist should miss reading this book. The experimental skills of Guericke and his descriptions, which strive for a clear simplicity, are exemplary.
- 6.
Furthermore, the composition of the atmosphere and its temperature also depend on the altitude. The true distribution of these quantities can be determined only through measurements. At high altitudes, Eq. (9.22) may fail even as an approximate description.
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Lüders, K., Pohl, R.O. (2017). Liquids and Gases at Rest. In: Lüders, K., Pohl, R. (eds) Pohl's Introduction to Physics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40046-4_9
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