Abstract
Most of the Lisbon 18th century timber-framed masonry “Pombalino” buildings currently need seismic rehabilitation due to: (i) natural degradation with aging; (ii) need for adaptation to new serviceability requirements, generally involving higher loads and consequent structural changes; (iii) former interventions with elimination or damage of structural elements, affecting seismic resistance and (iv) noncompliance with the present seismic codes. The research presented in this paper aimed at experimentally evaluating the seismic vulnerability of the “Pombalino” buildings and at proposing a strengthening technique to reduce it by reinforcing their timber framed “Frontal” walls. The experimental program was based on extensive dynamic testing on prototype representative of the current characteristic of “Frontal” walls. The results of the dynamic tests carried out in the LNEC 3D shaking table are presented regarding the two types of tests performed: (a) seismic tests, in which the seismic action was applied with increasing amplitude in the direction of the walls; (b) dynamic identification tests, aiming at evaluating the decrease of the mechanical properties of the models. A comparison of the performance of the non-strengthened and strengthened tested prototypes is also presented.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Diskaya H (2007) Damage assessment of 19th century traditional timber framed structures in Istanbul. In: From material to structure—mechanical behaviour and failures of the timber structures, ICOMOS IWC—XVI international symposium, 11th–16th November
Dogangun A, Tuluk IO, Livaoglu R, Acar R (2006) Traditional wooden buildings and their damages during earthquakes in Turkey. Eng Fail Anal 13
Dutu A, Ferreira J, Guerreiro L, Branco F, Gonçalves A (2012) Timbered masonry for earthquake resistance in Europe [online]. Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
Gülkan P, Langenbach R (2004) The earthquake resistance of traditional timber and masonry dwellings in Turkey. In: 13th world conference on earthquake engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 1–6 August, Paper No. 2297
Langenbach R (2007) From ‘Opus Craticium’ to the ‘Chicago Frame’: earthquake-resistant traditional construction. Int J Architectural Heritage 1:29–59
Makarios T, Demosthenous M (2006) Seismic response of traditional buildings of Lefkas Island, Greece. Eng Struct 28:264–278
Redondo E, Ros R (2003) Wooden framed structures in Madrid domestic architecture of 17th to 19th centuries. In: Huerta S (ed) Proceedings of the first international congress on construction history, Madrid, 20th–24th Jan 2003. Instituto Juan de Herrera, Madrid
Ferreira J, Texeira MJ, Dutu A, Branco F, Gonçalves A (2014) Experimental evaluation and numerical modelling of timber framed walls. J Exp Tech 38(4):45–53
Gonçalves A, Ferreira J, Guerreiro L, Branco F (2014) Seismic retrofitting of timber framed walls. Materiales de Construcción, CSIC, vol 64(316)
Gonçalves A, Ferreira J, Guerreiro L, Branco F (2015) Experimental characterization of timber framed masonry walls cyclic behavior. Struct Eng Mech, Int J 53(2)
Goncalves A (2015) Structural rehabilitation of masonry walls in Pomnalino buildings (in Portuguese). Ph.D. thesis, University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
NP EN 338 (2003) Madeira para Estruturas - Classes de Resistência. IPQ, Lisboa
Degée H, Denoël V, Candeias P, Campos-Costa A, Coelho E (2007) Experimental investigation on the seismic behaviour of North European masonry houses. In: 7th national congress on seismology and earthquake engineering (Sísmica 2007), Porto, Portugal (In Portuguese)
Bairrão R, Falcão M (2009) Shaking table tests of two different reinforcement techniques using polymeric grids on an asymmetric limestone full-scaled structure. Eng Struct 31(6):1312–1330. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.04.039
EN 1998-1 (2004) Eurocode 8: design of structures for earthquake resistance—general rules, seismic actions and rules for building. European Committee for Standardization
Mendes P, Oliveira S (2008) Análise dinâmica de estruturas. Utilização integrada de modelos de identificação modal e modelos de elementos finitos. ITB ADE 16, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisboa
Carvalho E, Oliveira C, Fragoso M, Miranda V (1998) Regras gerais de reabilitação e econstrução de edifícios correntes afectados pela crise sísmica do Faial, Pico e S. Jorge iniciada pelo sismo de 9 de Julho de 1998. Materiais de Construção e Estruturas, Relatório 100/98, Laboratório Regional de Engenharia Civil, Região Autónoma dos Açores, Lisboa
Bendat J, Piersol A (2000) Random data: analysis and measurement procedures. Wiley Inter Science, ISBN: 0471317330
MathWorks (2014) MATLAB the language of technical computing, version 9, MathWorks Inc. http://www.mathworks.com (consultado em Novembro de 2013)
Chopra A (2001) Dynamics of structures: theory and applications to earthquake engineering, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall
Acknowledgments
The financial support of the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) throughout the research project PTDC/ECM/100168—REABEPA is acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge HCI for his invaluable help, and the researchers team of the Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics Division (NESDE), for their help and support in the laboratory works.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gonçalves, A., Candeias, P., Guerreiro, L., Ferreira, J., Costa, A. (2016). Characterization of Timber Masonry Walls with Dynamic Tests. In: Cruz, H., Saporiti Machado, J., Campos Costa, A., Xavier Candeias, P., Ruggieri, N., Manuel Catarino, J. (eds) Historical Earthquake-Resistant Timber Framing in the Mediterranean Area. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , vol 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39492-3_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39492-3_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-39491-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-39492-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)