Abstract
The urge to move from just space exploration and scientific discovery to space-based activities that go beyond to what might be called “space development” can be detected around the world. This chapter examines the various activities around the world that have occurred or are now in progress that that could help support space mining in the future. In particular, this chapter examines relevant activities in Europe, Canada, Australia and other countries.
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Notes
- 1.
ESA, Fact Sheet: Herschel, at 1–2, online: ESA http://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/herschel/Herschel-Factsheet.pdf.
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ESA, News, “Large Water Reservoirs at the Dawn of Stellar Birth” (October 9, 2012), online: ESA http://sci.esa.int/herschel/50907-large-water-reservoirs-at-the-dawn-of-stellar-birth.
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ESA, News, “Herschel finds First Evidence of Earth-like Water in a Comet” (5 October 2011), online: ESA http://sci.esa.int/herschel/49386-herschel-finds-first-evidence-of-earth-like-water-in-a-comet/.
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“Herschel finds First Evidence of Earth-like Water in a Comet” (5 October 2011), online: ESA http://sci.esa.int/herschel/49386-herschel-finds-first-evidence-of-earth-like-water-in-a-comet/.
Also see: ESA News, “New Molecules around Old Stars” (June 17, 2014), online: ESA http://sci.esa.int/herschel/54158-new-molecules-around-old-stars/.
Also see: ESA News, “There is more Gas in the Galaxy than is dreamt of by Astronomers” (June 11, 2013), online: ESA http://sci.esa.int/herschel/51909-there-is-more-gas-in-the-galaxy-than-is-dreamt-of-by-astronomers/. “In the Milky Way, as well as in other galaxies, stars are born from the collapse of the densest and coldest clumps of matter in a molecular cloud. These clouds are gigantic star-forming complexes consisting mainly of molecular hydrogen (H2), a gas that does not emit any light at the low temperatures found in molecular clouds.
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ESA, Mars Express: a Decade of Observing the Red Planet (Berlin: European Space Agency, 2013), online: ESA http://esamultimedia.esa.int/multimedia/publications/BR-312/.
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ESA, Mars Express, supra note 330.
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Ibid.
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Also see: BepiColombo Launch Moved to 2017/http://sci.esa.int/bepicolombo/55693-bepicolombo-launch-moved-to-2017/.
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ESA News, JUICE, ESA http://sci.esa.int/juice/.
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“JUICE is Europe’s next large science mission,” ESA Science and Technology, May 2, 2012. http://sci.esa.int/cosmic-vision/50321-juice-is-europe-s-next-large-science-mission/
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Fact Sheet, Giotto, ESA http://sci.esa.int/giotto/47355-fact-sheet Also see: Online: Giotto, NASA http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/masterCatalog.do?sc=1985-056A.
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http://www.dlr.de/fa/Portaldata/17/Resources/dokumente/abt_17/projekte/Handout_Asteroid_Finder.pdf (Last accessed: March 30, 2013).
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Srinivas Laxman, “Japan SELENE-2 Lunar Mission Planned For 2017, July 16, 2012, online: http://www.asianscientist.com/topnews/japan-announces-selene-2-lunar-mission-2017/ (Accessed last: September 1, 2015).
- 21.
See the OSIRIS-Rex mission website online: http://osiris-rex.lpl.arizona.edu/ (Last accessed: August 30, 2015).
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Miriam Kramer, “Suitcase-Size Satellite Launching Monday to Hunt Asteroids”, February 24, 2013, http://www.space.com/19930-asteroid-tracking-satellite-neossat-launch.html (last accessed: 13 March 2013).
- 23.
Megan Garber, “Curiosity’s Cousins: Meet the Rover Fleet of the Canadian Space Agency – A fleet of vehicles ready to explore lunar and Martian terrains”, OCT 23 2012, online: http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/curiositys-cousins-meet-the-rover-fleet-of-the-canadian-space-agency/263965/ (Last accessed: March 13, 2103).
- 24.
Merryl Azriel, “Canadian Space Agency Unveils Rover Fleet,” October 22, 2012, online: http://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/2012/10/22/canadian-space-agency-unveils-rover-fleet/ (Accessed: March 13, 2013).
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The Canadian Press, “Canadian space programs face budget cuts, layoffs”, Apr 9, 2012, online: http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/story/2012/04/09/technology-csa-budget-cuts.html (Last accessed: March 13, 2013).
- 26.
CSA, 2012-2013 Report on Plans and Priorities, http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/publications/rpp-2012.asp (Accessed: March 13, 2013).
- 27.
http://clrn.uwo.ca/research.htm (Accessed: August 27, 2015).
- 28.
E-mail from Charles Black of the Canadian Space Research Association. (April 2, 2013).
- 29.
The Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) “is the leading technical society of professionals in the Canadian Minerals, Metals, Materials and Energy Industries.” Founded in 1898, the CIM aims “to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and technology [and] to foster networking, professional development and fraternity” in the minerals industry. http://www.cim.org/en/About-CIM.aspx (Accessed: April 2, 2013).
- 30.
Most of the presentations may be downloaded from: http://spacecommerce.ca/events/2013-csca-national-conference (Accessed: April 3, 2013).
- 31.
http://www.odysseymoon.com/ (Accessed: April 2, 2013).
- 32.
http://is.mdacorporation.com/mdais_canada/Offerings/Offerings_Rovers.aspx (Accessed: April 2, 2013).
- 33.
For more about Chapman’s activities, see Charles Black, “Opportunities for Mining Operations on the Moon & Mars,” http://acuriousguy.blogspot.ca/2012/02/opportunities-for-mining-operations-on.html?q=John+Chapman (Accessed: August 24, 2015).
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Jakhu, R.S., Pelton, J.N., Nyampong, Y.O.M. (2017). Activities in Europe, Canada and Other Western Countries. In: Space Mining and Its Regulation . Springer Praxis Books(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39246-2_8
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