Abstract
The four interrelated chapters of part II deal with the influence of climatic factors on the historic town structure. This chapter identifies factors such as solar radiation, glaring sun, and large diurnal temperature. Through centuries, people in similar climatic zones, in spite of differences in culture and society, have reached independently to similar solutions to similar climatic problems, although different in appearance, but similar in function and meaning. Sustainable climatic responsive urban form is considered as a creative process, changing, continuing, and renewing over time, a dynamic characteristic which can teach us lessons for the future.
Most of the studies of this part were conducted prior to1973 and revised for the present study. We have dealt with the form and meaning of each element such as courtyard, ivan, dome, and wind catcher, first separately, and then in connection with each other, to understand how they work together.
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Notes
- 1.
As some scholars regarding tradition, they do not mean custom or habit but as a creative process and consider its dynamics for future research, practice, and education. See Seyyed Hossein Nasr , ed., Mehdi Amin Razavi , The Islamic Intellectual Tradition in Persia, Chap. 1, Curzon, 1996 and Lindsay (2006), p. 7.
- 2.
- 3.
Natural hazards, especially earthquakes in Iran including the hot arid zone, lead to the most environmental and human settlement damage and also economic disruption. Our compact traditional urban fabrics are not resistant against earthquakes. In the process of renewing the old structures and designing new areas, we should change our attitude in education and practice. For a distinguished work which discusses this theme see Gies (1996).
- 4.
Case study 2 in this book includes concise information about this matter. See Tavassoli (2000).
- 5.
The problem of restructuring the decayed areas and new developments is considerably important. All the four case studies in this book put a great deal of effort on this matter.
- 6.
We have discussed the characteristics of these two historic urban fabrics, the inner and the middle area, and also urban blocks in different parts of this book.
- 7.
We have dealt with the fabric of Birjand, first in 1985, and then in comparison with Anarak in 2009. See Tavassoli (2009).
- 8.
The study of Yazd was first conducted in 1972−1973.
References
Gies DE (1996) Creating sustainable and disaster resistant communities. The Aspen Global Change Institute, Aspen Colorado
Givoni B (1998) Climate consideration in building and urban design. Van Nostrand Reinhold
Konya A, Vandenberg M (2011) Design primer for hot climates. Archimedia Press Limited
Lindsay A, Vellinga, M (eds.) (2006). Vernacular architecture in the twenty-first century. Taylor & Francis
Tavassoli M (2009) Urban design. The Art Renewing Urban Structure, Tehran
Tavassoli M, et al (2000) Urban design kargar street Tehran. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
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Tavassoli, M. (2016). Urban Form and Architecture in the Hot Environment Zone of Iran. In: Urban Structure in Hot Arid Environments. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39098-7_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39098-7_5
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