Abstract
The relation between design and the city has changed considerably over the last years. Quite a few factors have interacted to produce this change: some are bound to the evolution of design culture and practice itself; some are bound to the transformation of cities; and some are bound to the transformation of social relations and their interaction with technologies.
In this context, the traditional disciplines of urban planning and architecture have undertaken profound transformations, but in the view of the author, the major changes occurred in the design that used to be focused on the small scale, where we had a progressive expansion of the territories of interest and application, which completely changed the role that design can play in the transformation of cities.
The purpose of this chapter is to offer an overview of the evolution of the relationships between design and the city. The author discusses the main practices of design applied to cities from the early 1970s to the present day. The discussion introduces the different practices of design for cities as a consequence of the radical transformation of the design discipline. Then, evolution of some experiences, like that of the Milan “Fuorisalone”, is illustrated as clear representations of how the visions of the city that the author described coexist and are connected with the steady evolution of the culture of design.
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Notes
- 1.
At its core, the idea of smart city is rooted in the creation and connection of human capital, social capital and information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructures in order to generate greater and more sustainable economic development and a better quality of life (Directorate General for Internal Policies 2014). In truth, there are many perspectives on smart city: some focus on ICT as a driver and enabler, while broader definitions include socio-economic, governance and multi-stakeholder aspects, such as the use of social participation to enhance sustainability, quality of life and urban welfare.
- 2.
Collaborative services possess a set of characteristics that the Study on Collaborative Production in eGovernment (SMART 2010–0075) (European Commission 2012) has clearly described and analysed through 150 cases from across Europe: “Not purely bottom-up (…), not all about government data (…), applied across all services”.
- 3.
For a critical review of the complexity theories of cities, see Portugali 2012.
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Deserti, A. (2016). Design and the Transformation of Cities. In: Concilio, G., Rizzo, F. (eds) Human Smart Cities. Urban and Landscape Perspectives. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33024-2_4
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