Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research ((HSSR))

Abstract

In most contemporary societies the relationship between religion and education weighs heavily on the general relation of religion and society. Understanding the multifaceted relationship between religion and the social institution of education provides an important window on the place of religion in society. In attempting to shed light on these relationships, we consider in this review cultural conflict over educational institutions, and the influence of religion in educational attainment. We also review what is known about religious schools at the secondary and postsecondary level. The remaining sections consider the influence of education on religion, touching on issues of secularization, and reviewing cross-national studies of religion and education.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ammerman, N. T. (1987). Bible believers: Fundamentalists in the modern world. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, R. M. (1979). Vision of the disinherited: The making of American Pentecostalism. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apple, M. W. (1996). Cultural politics and education. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apple, M. W. (2000). Away with all teachers: The cultural politics of home schooling. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 10(1), 80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apple, M. W. (2001). Bringing the world to God: Education and the politics of authoritarian religious populism. Discourse, 22(2), 149–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apple, M., & Oliver, A. (1996). Becoming right: Education and the formation of conservative movements. In M. Apple (Ed.), Cultural politics and education (pp. 42–67). New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aristimuño, A. (2007). Secularization: Challenges for Catholic schools in Uruguay. In G. Grace (Ed.), International handbook of Catholic education (pp. 149–163). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Arons, S. (1983). Compelling belief: The culture of American schooling. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asadullah, M. N., & Chaudhury, N. (2010). Religious schools, social values, and economic attitudes: Evidence from Bangladesh. World Development, 38(2), 205–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, D., Han, M., & Broughman, S. (1996). How different, how similar? Comparing key organizational qualities of American public and private secondary schools (NCES 96–322, i-88). Washington DC: U.S. Department of Education. Ref Type: Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bankston, C. L., & Zhou, M. (2002). Social capital and immigrant children’s achievement. Research in Sociology of Education, 13(13–39), 39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, J. B., Pearson, J., Muller, C., & Frank, K. A. (2007). Adolescent religiosity and school contexts. Social Science Quarterly, 88(4), 1024–1037.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, S. (1993). Battleground: One mother’s crusade, the religious right, and the struggle for control of our classrooms. New York: Poseidon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendroth, M. L. (1999). Fundamentalism and the family: Gender, culture, and the American pro-family movement. Journal of Women’s History, 10(4), 35–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beyerlein, K. (2003). Educational elites and the movement to secularize public education: The case of the National Education Association. In C. Smith (Ed.), The secular revolution: Power and conflict in the secularization of America (pp. 160–196). Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Beyerlein, K. (2004). Specifying the impact of conservative Protestantism on educational attainment. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 43, 505–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi, S. M. (1982). Private school enrollment: Trends and debates. Research in Sociology of Education and Socialization, 3(233–258), 258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billings, D. B. (1990). Religion as opposition: A Gramscian analysis. American Journal of Sociology, 96(1), 1–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Billings, D., & Goldman, R. (1979). Comment on ‘The Kanawha Textbook Controversy’. Social Forces, 57(4), 1393–1398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, A. (2004). Contentious curricula: Afrocentrism and creationism in American public schools. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blacker, D. (1998). Fanaticism and schooling in the democratic state. American Journal of Education, 106(2), 241–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brinig, M. F., & Garnett, N. S. (2014). Lost classroom, lost community: Catholic schools’ importance in urban America. Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Broughman, S. P., Swaim, N. L. (2013). Characteristics of Private Schools in the United States: Results from the 2011–12 Private School Universe Survey. First Look. Nces 2013–316. National Center for Education Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S., & Taylor, K. (2007). Religion and education: Evidence from the National Child Development Study. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 63(3), 439–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryk, A. S., Lee, V. E., & Holland, P. B. (1993). Catholic schools and the common good. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burtchaell, J. T. (1998). The dying of the light: The disengagement of colleges and universities from their Christian churches. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. E. (2001). Making democratic education work. In P. E. Peterson & D. E. Campbell (Eds.), Charters, vouchers, and public education. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D., & Magill, D. (1968). Religious involvement and intellectuality among university students. Sociological Analysis, 29(2), 79–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Card, D., Dooley, M. D., & Abigail Payne, A. (2010). School competition and efficiency with publicly funded Catholic schools. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(4), 150–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardak, B. A., & Vecci, J. (2013). Catholic school effectiveness in Australia: A reassessment using selection on observed and unobserved variables. Economics of Education Review, 37, 34–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, J. A. (1997). Revive us again: The reawakening of American fundamentalism. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casanova, J. (1994). Public religions in the modern world. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, A. (2014). Does homeschooling or private schooling promote political intolerance? Evidence from a Christian University. Journal of School Choice, 8(1), 49–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cibulka, J. G., O’Brien, T. J., & Zewe, D. (1982). Inner-city private elementary schools: A study. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clelland, D. A., & Page, A. L. (1980). Kanawha county revisited: Reply to Billings and Goldman. Social Forces, 59(1), 281–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen-Zada, D., & Elder, T. (2009). Historical religious concentrations and the effects of Catholic schooling. Journal of Urban Economics, 66(1), 65–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen-Zada, D., & Sander, W. (2008). Religion, religiosity and private school choice: Implications for estimating the effectiveness of private schools. Journal of Urban Economics, 64(1), 85–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S., & Hoffer, T. (1983). Response to Taueber-James, Cain-Goldberger and Morgan. Sociology of Education, 56, 219–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S., & Hoffer, T. (1987). Public and private high schools: The impact of communities. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S., Hoffer, T., & Kilgore, S. (1981a). Public and private schools. Report to National Center for Education Statistics. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S., Hoffer, T., & Kilgore, S. (1981b). High school achievement: Public, Catholic, and other private schools compared. Harvard Educational Review, 51, 526–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S., Hoffer, T., & Kilgore, S. (1982a). High school achievement: Public, Catholic, and private schools compared. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S., Hoffer, T., & Kilgore, S. (1982b). Cognitive outcomes in public and private schools. Sociology of Education, 55, 65–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cookson, P. W. (1994). School choice: The struggle for the soul of American education. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Antonio, W. V. (1995). Laity American and Catholic: Transforming the church. Kansas City: Sheed & Ward.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darnell, A., & Sherkat, D. E. (1997). The impact of protestant fundamentalism on educational attainment. American Sociological Review, 62(2), 306–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, J. D. (1997). The search for common ground: What unites and divides Catholic Americans. Huntington: Our Sunday Visitor Pub. Division.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, S. (1999). From moral duty to cultural rights: A case study of political framing in education. Sociology of Education, 72(1), 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, N. J., & Robinson, R. V. (1996). Are the rumors of war exaggerated? Religious orthodoxy and moral progressivism in America. American Journal of Sociology, 102(3), 756–787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deckman, M. (2002). Holy ABCs! The impact of religion on attitudes about education policies. Social Science Quarterly, 83(2), 472–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dee, T. (2005). The effects of Catholic schooling on civic participation. International Tax and Public Finance, 12(5), 605–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, S. (1998). Not by politics alone: The enduring influence of the Christian right. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dill, J. S. (2009). Preparing for public life: School sector and the educational context of lasting citizen formation. Social Forces, 87(3), 1265–1290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dill, J. S. (2012). Protestant evangelical schools and global citizenship education. In W. Jeynes & D. W. Robinson (Eds.), International handbook of Protestant education (pp. 615–632). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • DiMaggio, P., Evans, J., & Bryson, B. (1996). Have Americans’ social attitudes become more polarized? American Journal of Sociology, 102(3), 690–755.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Downey, D. B. (1995). When bigger is not better: Family size, parental resources, and children’s educational performance. American Sociological Review, 60(5), 746–761.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Downey, D. B. (2001, June–July). Number of siblings and intellectual development: The resource dilution explanation. American Psychologist, 56(6–7), 497–504.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downey, D. B., & Neubauer, S. (2001). Is resource dilution inevitable? The association between number of siblings and educational outcomes across subgroups. Paper presented at the 93rd Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association. San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebaugh, H. R. (1991). The revitalization movement in the Catholic Church: The institutional dilemma of power. Sociological Analysis, 52(1), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ecklund, E. H. (2010). Science vs. religion: What scientists really think. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Elder, T., & Jepsen, C. (2014). Are Catholic primary schools more effective than public primary schools? Journal of Urban Economics, 80, 28–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esplin, S. C., & Vance Randall, E. (2014). Living in two worlds: The development and transition of Mormon education in American society. History of Education, 43(1), 3–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, J. H. (1997). Worldviews or social groups as the source of moral value attitudes: Implications for the culture wars thesis. Sociological Forum, 12(3), 371–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feinberg, W. (2006). For goodness sake: Religious schools and education for democratic citizenry. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Figlio, D., & Ludwig, J. (1999). Sex, drugs, and Catholic schools: Private schooling and non-market adolescent behaviors. 7900. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiorina, M. P. (1999). Extreme voices: The dark side of civic engagement. In T. Skocpol & M. P. Fiorina (Eds.), Civic engagement in American democracy (pp. 395–426). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaddy, B. B., William Hall, T., & Marzano, R. J. (1996). School wars: Resolving our conflicts over religion and values. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gieryn, T. F., Bevins, G. M., & Zehr, S. C. (1985). Professionalization of American scientists: Public science in the creation/evolution trials. American Sociological Review, 50(3), 392–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, B. P., Timpane, M., Ross, K. E., Brewer, D. J., & Booker, K. (2001). Rhetoric versus reality: What we know and what we need to know about vouchers and charter schools. Santa Monica: Rand Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleason, P. (1995). Contending with modernity: Catholic higher education in the twentieth century. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glenn, C. (1987). Religion, textbooks, and the common school. The Public Interest, 88, 28–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glenn, C. L. (1988). The myth of the common school. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godwin, K., Ausbrooks, C., & Martinez, V. (2001). Teaching tolerance in public and private schools. Phi Delta Kappan, 82, 542–546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godwin, R. K., Godwin, J. W., & Martinez-Ebers, V. (2004). Civic socialization in public and fundamentalist schools. Social Science Quarterly, 85(5), 1097–1111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E. (1961). Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. Garden City: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greeley, A. M. (1963). Comment on Stark’s ‘On the incompatibility of religion and science’. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 3, 239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greeley, A. M. (1977). The American Catholic: A social portrait. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greeley, A. M. (1982). Catholic high schools and minority students. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greeley, A. M., & Rossi, P. H. (1966). The education of Catholic Americans. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greeley, A. M., McCready, W. C., & McCourt, K. (1976). Catholic schools in a declining church. Kansas City: Sheed and Ward.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, J. (1998). Civic values in public and private schools. In P. E. Peterson & B. C. Hassel (Eds.), Learning from school choice. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, N., & Simmons, S. (2009). The religiosity of American college and university professors. Sociology of Religion, 70(2), 101–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guest, M. (2013). Christianity and the university experience: Understanding student faith. London: Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guth, J. L., Liebman, R. C., & Wuthnow, R. (1983). The new Christian right: Mobilization and legitimation. Hawthorne: Aldine Pub. Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action. Boston: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, P. E., & Hunter, J. D. (1984). On maintaining plausibility: The worldview of Evangelical college students. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 23(3), 221–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handy, R. T. (1967). The Protestant quest for a Christian America, 1830–1930. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanus, J. J., & Cookson, P. W. (1996). Choosing schools: Vouchers and American education. Washington, DC: American University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastie, D. (2012). In search of Holy transcripts: Approaches to researching religious schools. Journal of Education & Christian Belief, 16(1), 41–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herberg, W. (1960). Protestant, Catholic, Jew; an essay in American religious sociology. Garden City: Anchor Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. P. (2009). Higher education as moral community: Institutional influences on religious participation during college. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 48(3), 515–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. P. (2011). Faith and understanding: Specifying the impact of higher education on religious belief. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50(3), 533–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J., & den Dulk, K. (2013). Religion, volunteering, and educational setting: The effect of youth schooling type on civic engagement. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 52(1), 179–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, P. T., Foster, G., & Gendler, T. (1990). High schools with character. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann, J. P., & Miller, A. S. (1997). Social and political attitudes among religious groups: Convergence and divergence over time. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36(1), 52–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofstadter, R. (1963). Anti-intellectualism in American life. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoge, D. R. (1974). Commitment on campus: Changes in religion and values over five decades. Philadelphia: Westminster Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoge, D. R., Luna, C. L., & Miller, D. K. (1981). Trends in college students’ values between 1952 and 1979: A return of the fifties? Sociology of Education, 54(4), 263–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoge, D. R., Hoge, J. L., & Wittenberg, J. (1987). The return of the fifties: Trends in college students’ values between 1952 and 1984. Sociological Forum, 2(3), 500–519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoge, D. R., Johnson, B., & Luidens, D. A. (1994). Vanishing boundaries: The religion of mainline Protestant baby boomers. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hungerman, D. M. (2014). The effect of education on religion: Evidence from compulsory schooling laws. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 104, 52–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunsberger, B. (1978). The religiosity of college students: Stability and change over years at university. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 17(2), 159–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, J. D. (1987). Evangelicalism: The coming generation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, J. D. (1991). Culture wars: The struggle to define America. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, J. D. (2000). The death of character: Moral education in an age without good or evil. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, D. G., & Jacobsen, R. H. (2012). No longer invisible: Religion in university education. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jelen, T. G. (1990). Religious belief and attitude constraint. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 29(1), 118–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jelen, T. G., & Wilcox, C. (1997). Conscientious objectors in the culture War? A typology of attitudes toward church-state relations. Sociology of Religion, 58(3), 277–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeynes, W. (2004). Comparing the influence of religion on education in the United States and overseas: A meta-analysis. Religion and Education, 31(2), 83–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeynes, W. H. (2007). Religion, intact families, and the achievement gap. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jha, N., & Polidano, C. (2013). Long-run effects of catholic schooling on wages. Rochester: Social Science Research Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D. C. (1997). Formal education vs. religious belief: Soliciting new evidence with multinomial logit modeling. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36(2), 231–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, W. J., & Nettles, S. (2000). How students invest their time outside of school: Effects on school-related outcomes. Social Psychology of Education, 3, 217–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jorgenson, L. P. (1987). The state and the non-public school, 1825–1925. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keysar, A., & Kosmin, B. A. (1995). The impact of religious identification on differences in educational attainment among American women in 1990. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 34(1), 49–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y.-J. (2011). Catholic schools or school quality? The effects of Catholic schools on labor market outcomes. Economics of Education Review, 30(3), 546–558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, C. (2010). Faith schools in pluralistic Britain: Debate, discussion, and considerations. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 25(2), 281–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laats, A. (2015). The other school reformers: Conservative activism in American education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lehrer, E. L. (1999). Religion as a determinant of educational attainment: An economic perspective. Social Science Research, 28(4), 358–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lenski, G. E. (1961). The religious factor: A sociological study of religion’s impact on politics, economics, and family life. Garden City: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lines, P. M. (1996). Homeschooling. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loury, L. D. (2004). Does church attendance really increase schooling? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 43(1), 119–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsden, G. M. (1980). Fundamentalism and American culture: The shaping of twentieth century evangelicalism, 1870–1925. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsden, G. M. (1987). Reforming fundamentalism: Fuller Seminary and the new evangelicalism. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsden, G. M. (1991). Understanding fundamentalism and evangelicalism. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsden, G. M. (1994). The soul of the American university: From Protestant establishment to established nonbelief. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, N. (2015). Secularization or socialization? A study of student religiosity at an elite university. Journal of College and Character, 16(4), 225–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massengill, R. P. (2011). Why Evangelicals Like Wal-Mart: Education, region, and religious group identity. Sociology of Religion, 72(1), 50–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayrl, D., & Oeur, F. (2009). Religion and higher education: Current knowledge and directions for future research. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 48(2), 260–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayrl, D., & Uecker, J. E. (2011). Higher education and religious liberalization among young adults. Social Forces, 90(1), 181–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, M. M. (1996). People of faith as political activists in public schools. Education and Urban Society, 28(3), 308–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCloskey, P. (2008). The street stops here: A year at a Xatholic high school in Harlem. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFarland, M. J., Wright, B. R. E., & Weakliem, D. L. (2011). Educational attainment and religiosity: Exploring variations by religious tradition. Sociology of Religion, 72(2), 166–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKune, B., & Hoffmann, J. P. (2009). Religion and academic achievement among adolescents. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion, 5, 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin, D., & Broughman, S. (1997). Private schools in the United States: A statistical profile, 1993–94 (NCES 97–459, 1–245). Washington DC: U.S. Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. W., Tyack, D., Nagel, J., & Gordon, A. (1979). Public education as nation-building in America: Enrollments and bureaucratization in the American States, 1870–1930. American Journal of Sociology, 85(3), 591–613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. W., Scott, W. R., Strang, D., & Creighton, A. (1994). Bureaucratization without centralization: Changes in the organizational system of U.S. Public Education, 1940–80. In W. R. Scott, J. W. Meyer, & J. Boli (Eds.), Institutional environments and organizations: Structural complexity and individualism (pp. 179–206). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. E. (1997). Reinventing American Protestantism: Christianity in the new millennium. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moberg, D. O., & Hoge, D. R. (1986). Catholic college students’ religious and moral attitudes, 1961 to 1982: Effects of the sixties and the seventies. Review of Religious Research, 28(2), 104–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moberg, D. O., & McEnery, J. N. (1976). Changes in church-related behavior and attitudes of Catholic students, 1961–1971. Sociological Analysis, 37(1), 53–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mocan, N., Scafidi, B., & Tekin, E. (2002). Catholic schools and bad behavior. 9172. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moen, M. C. (1984). School prayer and the politics of life-style concern. Social Science Quarterly, 65(4), 1065–1071.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, S. L., & Sorensen, A. B. (1999). Parental networks, social closure, and mathematics learning: A test of Coleman’s social capital explanation of school effects. American Sociological Review, 64(5), 661–681.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, C. W. (1980). Evidence on the relationship between religion and educational attainment. Sociology of Education, 53(3), 140–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muller, C., & Ellison, C. G. (2001). Religious involvement, social capital, and adolescents’ academic progress: Evidence from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. Sociological Focus, 34(2), 155–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neitz, M. J. (1987). Charisma and community: A study of religious commitment within the charismatic renewal. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevin, D., & Bills, R. E. (1976). The schools that fear built: Segregationist academies in the south. Washington: Acropolis Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niens, U., Mawhinney, A., Richardson, N., & Chiba, Y. (2013). Acculturation and religion in schools: The views of young people from minority belief backgrounds. British Educational Research Journal, 39(5), 907–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nolan, J. L. (1998). The therapeutic state: Justifying government at century’s end. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nord, W. A. (1995). Religion & American education: Rethinking a national dilemma. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, A. L., & Clelland, D. A. (1978). The Kanawha county textbook controversy: A study of the politics of life style concern. Social Forces, 57(1), 265–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panjwani, F. (2014). Faith-schools and the religious other: The case of Muslim schools. In J. D. Chapman, S. McNamara, M. J. Reiss, & Y. Waghid (Eds.), International handbook of learning, teaching and leading in faith-based schools (pp. 139–156). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penning, J. M., & Smidt, C. E. (2002). Evangelicalism: The next generation. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennings, R., Seel, J., Van Pelt, D. A., Sikkink, D., & Wiens, K. (2011). Cardus education survey: Do the motivations for private religious Catholic and protestant schooling in North America align with graduate outcomes. Hamilton: Cardus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennings, R., Sikkink, D., Van Pelt, D., Van Brummelen, H., & von Heyking, A. (2012). Cardus education survey: A rising tide lifts all boats. Hamilton: Cardus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennings, R., Sikkink, D., Berner, A., Smith, C., Berends, M., Dallavis, J., et al. (2014). Cardus education survey 2014: Private schools for the public good. Hamilton: Cardus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peshkin, A. (1986). God’s choice: The total world of a fundamentalist Christian school. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, B., & Steelman, L. C. (1993). The educational benefits of being spaced out: Sibship density and educational progress. American Sociological Review, 58(3), 367–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Provenzo, E. F. (1990). Religious fundamentalism and American education: The battle for the public schools. Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ravitch, D. (1974). The great school wars, New York City, 1805–1973: A history of the public schools as battlefield of social change. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reese, W. J. (1982). Public schools and the great gates of hell. Educational Theory, 32, 9–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Regnerus, M. D., & Smith, C. (1998). Selective deprivatization among American religious traditions: The reversal of the great reversal. Social Forces, 76(4), 1347–1372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reimer, S. (2010). Higher education and theological liberalism: Revisiting the old issue. Sociology of Religion, 71(4), 393–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reuben, J. A. (1996). The making of the modern university: Intellectual transformation and the marginalization of morality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Revell, L. (2008). Spiritual development in public and religious schools: A case study. Religious Education, 103(1), 102–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riesebrodt, M. (1993). Pious passion: The emergence of modern fundamentalism in the United States and Iran. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rippa, S. A. (1988). Education in a free society: An American history. New York: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romi, S. (2004). Disruptive behaviour in religious and secular high schools: Teachers’ and students’ attitudes. Research in Education, 71, 81–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, S. D. (1988). Keeping them out of the hands of Satan: Evangelical schooling in America. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, S. (1993). Fundamentalism and education in the United States. In M. E. Marty, & S. Appleby (Eds.), (pp. 452–489). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sander, W. (2001). Catholic schools: Private and social effects. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sander, W., & Cohen-Zada, D. (2012). Religiosity and Parochial school choice: Cause or effect? Education Economics, 20(5), 474–483. doi:10.1080/09645292.2010.541683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sargeant, K., & West, E. (1996). Teachers and preachers: The battle over public school reform in Gaston County, North Carolina. In J. L. Nolan (Ed.), The American culture wars: Current contests and future prospects (pp. 35–60). Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheitle, C. P. (2011). Religious and spiritual change in college: Assessing the effect of a science education. Sociology of Education, 84(2), 122–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheitle, C. P., & Smith, B. G. (2012). Religious affiliation, college degree attainment, and religious switching. Religion, Work and Inequality, 23, 205–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmalzbauer, J. A. (2003). People of faith: Religious conviction in American journalism and higher education. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmalzbauer, J. (2013). Campus religious life in America: Revitalization and renewal. Society, 50(2), 115–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmalzbauer, J. A., & Gray Wheeler, C. (1996). Between fundamentalism and secularization: Secularizing and sacralizing currents in the evangelical debate on campus lifestyle codes. Sociology of Religion, 57(3), 241–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwadel, P. (2011). The effects of education on Americans’ religious practices, beliefs, and affiliations. Review of Religious Research, 53(2), 161–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwadel, P. (2015). Explaining cross-national variation in the effect of higher education on religiosity. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 54(2), 402–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shavit, Y., & Pierce, J. L. (1991). Sibship size and educational attainment in nuclear and extended families: Arabs and Jews in Israel. American Sociological Review, 56(3), 321–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherkat, D. E., & Darnell, A. (1999). The effect of parents’ fundamentalism on children’s educational attainment: Examining differences by gender and children’s fundamentalism. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38(1), 23–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sikkink, D. (1998a). ‘I just say I’m a Christian’: Symbolic boundaries and identity formation among church-going Protestants. In D. Jacobsen, & W. V. Trollinger (Eds.), Re-forming the center: American Protestantism, 1900 to the present. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans Pub.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sikkink, D. (1998b). Public schooling and its discontents: Religious identities, schooling choices for children, and civic participation. Ph.D. Public schooling and its discontents: religious identities, schooling choices for children, and civic participation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sikkink, D. (1999). The social sources of alienation from public schools. Social Forces, 78(1), 51–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sikkink, D. (2001). Speaking in many tongues: Diversity among Christian schools. Education Matters, 1(2), 36–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sikkink, D. (2002). The religious sources of support for school vouchers. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sikkink, D. (2003). The loyal opposition: Evangelicals, civic engagement, and schooling for children. In A public faith: Evangelicals and civic engagement. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sikkink, D. (2012). Religious school differences in school climate and academic mission: A descriptive overview of school organization and student outcomes. Journal of School Choice, 6(1), 20–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sikkink, D., & Fischer, B. (2004). Religious tradition, family size, and educational attainment

    Google Scholar 

  • Sikkink, D., & Mihut, A. (2000). Religion and the politics of multicultualism. Religion and Education, 27(2), 30–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sikkink, D., & Smith, C. (2000). Evangelicals on education. In C. Smith (Ed.), Christian America? What evangelicals really want. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Small, J. L., & Bowman, N. A. (2011). Religious commitment, skepticism, and struggle among U.S. College students: The impact of majority/minority religious affiliation and institutional type. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50(1), 154–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. (2003a). Religious participation and network closure among American adolescents. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42(2), 259–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. (2003b). The secular revolution: Power, interests, and conflict in the secularization of American public life. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C., & Sikkink, D. (2003). Social predictors of retention in and switching from the religious faith of family of origin: Another look using religious tradition self-identification. Review of Religious Research, 45(2), 188–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C., Emerson, M., Gallagher, S., Kennedy, P., & Sikkink, D. (1998). American evangelicalism: Embattled and thriving. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, T. D., & Dillow, S. A. (2015). Digest of education statistics 2013 (NCES 2015-011). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spring, J. H. (1998). Conflict of interests: The politics of American education. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, R. (1963). On the incompatibility of religion and science: A survey of American graduate students. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 3, 3–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, R., & Bainbridge, W. S. (1985). The future of religion: Secularization, revival, and cult formation. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, R., & Finke, R. (2000). Acts of faith: Explaining the human side of religion. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steelman, L. C., Powell, B., Werum, R., & Carter, S. (2002). Reconsidering the effects of sibling configuration: Recent advances and challenges. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 243–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, S. (1974). The academic melting pot: Catholics and Jews in American higher education. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, B. T., Heck, N. C., & Cochran, B. N. (2015). A comparison of sexual minority youth who attend religiously affiliated schools and their nonreligious-school-attending counterparts. Journal of LGBT Youth, 12(2), 170–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Striepe, M., & Clarke, S. (2009). Faith-based schools in Australia: A fertile setting for research endeavour. Education, Knowledge & Economy: A Journal for Education and Social Enterprise, 3(2), 107–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stroope, S. (2011). Education and religion: Individual, congregational, and cross-level interaction effects on biblical literalism. Social Science Research, 40(6), 1478–1493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sweet, L. (1997). God in the classroom: The controversial issue of religion in the classroom. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Symes, C., & Gulson, K. N. (2008). Faith in education: The politics of state funding and the “New” Christian schooling in Australia. Educational Policy, 22(2), 231–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teachman, J. D. (1987). Family background, educational resources, and educational attainment. American Sociological Review, 52(4), 548–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thayer, J., & Kido, E. (2012). Cognitivegenesis (Cg): Assessing academic achievement and cognitive ability in adventist schools. Journal of Research on Christian Education, 21(2), 99–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, G. M., Peck, L. R., & De Haan, C. G. (2003). Reforming education, transforming religion, 1876–1931. In C. Smith (Ed.), The secular revolution: Power, interests, and conflict in the secularization of American public life (pp. 355–394). Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tyack, D. B. (1974). The one best system: A history of American urban education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uecker, J. E. (2008). Alternative schooling strategies and the religious lives of American adolescents. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 47(4), 563–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uecker, J. E. (2009). Catholic schooling, protestant schooling, and religious commitment in young adulthood. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 48(2), 353–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uecker, J., & Hill, J. (2014). Religious schools, home schools, and the timing of first marriage and first birth. Review of Religious Research, 56(2), 189–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Vugt, M. (1997). Concerns about the privatization of public goods: A social dilemma analysis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 60(4), 355–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vryhof, S. C. (2004). Between memory and vision: The case for faith-based schooling. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wacker, G. (1984). Uneasy in Zion. In G. M. Marsden (Ed.), Evangelicalism and modern America (pp. 16–28). Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wacker, G. (2001). Heaven below: Early Pentecostals and American culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, M. B. (1990). God’s schools: Choice and compromise in American society. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, M. B. (1997). Generic conservative Christianity: The demise of denominationalism in Christian schools. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36(1), 13–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weddle-West, K., Hagan, W. J., & Norwood, K. M. (2013). Impact of college environments on the spiritual development of African American students. Journal of College Student Development, 54(3), 299–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B. (1998). Conservative protestant childrearing: Authoritarian or authoritative? American Sociological Review, 63(6), 796–809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B. (2004). Soft patriarchs, new men: How Christianity shapes fathers and husbands. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B., Cherlin, A. J., Uecker, J. E., & Messel, M. (2012). No money, No honey, No church: The deinstitutionalization of religious life among the White working class. Research in the Sociology of Work, 23, 227–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willems, F., Denessen, E., Hermans, C., & Vermeer, P. (2010). Citizenship education in religious schools: An analysis of tolerance in Catholic schools from a virtue ethical point of view. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 31(2), 215–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. H. (1997). Cultural wars in American politics: Critical reviews of a popular myth. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, P. J. (2007). Civics exam: Schools of choice boost civic values. Program on Education Policy and Governance, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, P., Greene, J., Kleitz, B., & Thalhammer, K. (2001). Private schooling and political tolerance. In P. E. Peterson & D. E. Campbell (Eds.), Charters, vouchers, and public education. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodrum, E., & Hoban, T. (1992). Support for prayer in school and creationism. Sociological Analysis, 53(3), 309–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wuthnow, R. (1988). The restructuring of American religion: Society and faith since World War II. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuthnow, R. (1989). The struggle for America’s soul: Evangelicals, liberals, and secularism. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuthnow, R. (1999). Mobilizing civic engagement: The changing impact of religious involvement. In T. Skocpol & M. P. Fiorina (Eds.), Civic engagement in American democracy (pp. 331–366). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuthnow, R., & Evans, J. H. (2002). The quiet hand of God: Faith-based activism and the public role of mainline Protestantism. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zelan, J. (1968). Religious apostasy, higher education and occupational choice. Sociology of Education, 41(4), 370–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zern, D. S. (1989). Some connections between increasing religiousness and academic accomplishment in a college population. Adolescence, 24(93), 141–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zia, R. (2003). Religion and education in Pakistan: An overview. Prospects, 33(2), 165–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Sikkink .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sikkink, D., Hill, J. (2016). Education. In: Yamane, D. (eds) Handbook of Religion and Society. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31395-5_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31395-5_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-61816-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31395-5

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics