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Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx

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Endoscopic Atlas of Pediatric Otolaryngology

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Abstract

In many ways the pediatric nasal cavity is similar to that of an adult. In all age groups, the nose functions to filter, warm, humidify, and sample air for respiration. However, nasal breathing is critical for survival in newborns until around 4 months of age (Sasaki CT et al., Arch Otolaryngol 103:169–171, 1977). Even a relatively small obstruction can cause significant distress, because neonates are obligated to breathe nasally due to the position of their larynx and the need to breathe while feeding. As the nose matures, the nasal cavity expands in response to the development of surrounding structures. The sinuses, most present at birth, grow throughout childhood until reaching normal adult dimensions around the age of 15 (Parket al., Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 74:1347–1350, 2010). The deciduous and adult teeth form and erupt as the craniofacial skeleton grows, maturing and lengthening to create adult facial features.

Historically, nasal surgery was high risk due to the surrounding orbits and brain and difficult visualization through the natural nasal orifice. Larger procedures were only accomplished through morbid open approaches. Modern nasal and sinus surgery is significantly safer and more precise with improved visualization via endoscopy. Telescopes as small as 2 mm in diameter facilitate instrumentation throughout the entire sinonasal system. Additionally, endoscopic nasal evaluations have proven to be the most reliable method for assessing pediatric sinonasal complaints (Isaac et al., JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 141:550–555, 2015).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA

    Nathan Gonik M.D., M.H.S.A.

  2. Otolaryngology and Audiology, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma City, OK, USA

    Elena B. Willis Woodson M.D.

Authors
  1. Nathan Gonik M.D., M.H.S.A.
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  2. Elena B. Willis Woodson M.D.
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Correspondence to Nathan Gonik M.D., M.H.S.A. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Hofstra North Shore – LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York, USA

    Jeffrey Cheng

  2. Montefiore Medical Center Medical Arts Pavilion, BRONX, New York, USA

    John P. Bent

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Gonik, N., Woodson, E.B.W. (2016). Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx. In: Cheng, J., Bent, J. (eds) Endoscopic Atlas of Pediatric Otolaryngology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29471-1_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29471-1_2

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29471-1

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