Skip to main content

Professionalization, Policy, Performance Assessment, and Privatization in Social Studies

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Policy, Professionalization, Privatization, and Performance Assessment

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Education ((BRIEFSEDUCAT))

  • 476 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter reviews the particular affordances and constraints of the intersection of privatization, performance assessment, policy, and professionalization in a secondary social studies teacher education program during the initial implementation of the secondary social studies edTPA and its impact on our adolescent (grades 7–12) teacher education program in New York. We begin with the content challenges that have confounded social studies from its origins, and how this intersected with the standards movement described in Chap. 2. We discuss how a concern for the transmission of a common national heritage, orderly classrooms, and more recently high-stakes testing in social studies have led to classroom practice emphasizing lower order recall of events. We then describe how the edTPA, with its emphasis on a central social science focus and analysis, supports teacher professionalism and troubles current classroom practice. In this context, we discuss the affordances and constraints of mandated, high-stakes performance assessment in social studies teacher education as they become explicit in the first year of implementation in an urban teacher preparation program, where state policy mandated the edTPA performance assessment as a requirement for initial certification. Initial results, including pass rates, are reported, along with anecdotal data about students’ reactions to the program and its implementation of the edTPA, and their reactions to the edTPA itself.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Au, W. (2007). High-stakes testing and curricular control: A qualitative metasynthesis. Educational Researcher, 36, 258–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avery, P. G., Freeman, C., & Carmichael-Tanaka, D. (2002). Developing authentic instruction in the social studies. Journal of Research in Education, 12, 50–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barton, K., & Levstik, L. (2003). Why don’t more history teachers engage students in interpretation? Social Education, 67, 358–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barton, K., & Levstik, L. (2004). Teaching history for the common good. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Branch, A. (2005). Practicing multicultural education in “United States History For Teachers”: The case of Dr. Johnson, Theory and Research in Social Education, 33(3), 305–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breakstone, J. (2014). Try, try, try again: The process of designing new history assessments. Theory and Research in Social Education, 42(4), 453–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brophy, J., Alleman, J., & Knighton, B. (2009). Inside the social studies classroom. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Counts, G. S. (1932). Dare the school build a new social order?. New York: John Day Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuban, L. (1993). How teachers taught. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewitt, S., Patterson, N., Blankenship, W., Blevins, B., DeCamillo, L., Gerwin, D., & Sullivan, C. C. (2013). The lower-order expectations of high-stakes tests: A four-state analysis of social studies standards and test alignment. Theory and Research in Social Education, 41(3), 382–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, M. S., & Bransford, J. D. (Eds.). (2005). How Students Learn: History in the Classroom. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, T. (2008). Interpreting national history: race identity and pedagogy in classrooms and communities. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, S. (2014). Teaching civic literacy projects. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, L. (2000). Stirring the head, heart, and soul: Redefining curriculum and instruction. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, R. (2004). The social studies wars: What should we teach the children?. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallavan, N. (2009). Developing performance-based assessments, grades 6-12. Thousands Oaks: Corwin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerwin, D., & Visone, F. (2006). The freedom to teach: Contrasting history in elective and state-tested courses. Theory and Research in Social Education, 34(2), 259–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerwin, D., & Zevin, J. (2010). Teaching U.S. history as mystery (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodlad, J. (1984). A place called school. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, S. G. (2000). Teachers and tests: Exploring teachers’ perceptions of changes in the New York state testing program. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 8(14), 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, S. G. (2001). An uncertain lever: Exploring the influence of state- level testing in New York state on teaching social studies. Teachers College Record, 103, 398–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, S. G. (2003). History lessons: teaching, learning, and testing in u.s. high school classrooms. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, S., & Gradwell, J. (Eds.). (2010). Teaching history with big ideas: Cases of ambitious teachers. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, S. G., Gradwell, J., & Cimbricz, S. (2004). A question of authenticity: The document based question as an assessment of students’ knowledge of history. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, 19(4), 309–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawley, T. (2010). Purpose into practice: the problems and possibilities of rationale-based practice in social studies. Theory and Research in Social Education, 38(1), 131–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, D. (2009). Controversy in the classroom: The democratic power of discussion. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, D. E., & McAvoy, P. (2015). The political classroom: evidence and ethics in democratic education. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, T. (1990). Thinking historically: Narrative, imagination and understanding. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenness, D. (1990). Making sense of social studies. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobrin, D. (1996). Beyond the textbook: Teaching history using documents and primary sources. Portsmouth: Heineman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesh, B. (2011). Why won’t you just tell us the answer? Teaching historical thinking in grades 7-12. Portsmouth: Stenhouse.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levesque, S. (2008). Thinking historically: Educating students for the 21st century. Toronto: University of Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lortie, D. C. (1975). Schoolteacher: A sociological study. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Misco, T., Patterson, N., & Doppen, F. (2011). Policy in the way of practice: How assessment legislation is impacting social studies curriculum and instruction in Ohio. International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership, 6(7), 1–13. Retrieved from http://journals.sfu.ca/ijepl/index.php/ijepl/article/view/303.

  • National Council for the Social Studies. (1994). Expectations of excellence: Curriculum standards for social studies. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Council for the Social Studies. (1997). National Standards for Social Studies Teachers Washington. DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Council for the Social Studies. (2002). National Standards for Social Studies Teachers Washington. DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Council for the Social Studies. (2010). National curriculum standards for social studies: A framework for teaching, learning, and assessment. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Council for the Social Studies. (2013). College, career, and civic life (C3) Framework for social studies state standards. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • New York State Education Department. (1996). Learning standards for social studies. Albany: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • New York State Education Department. (1999). Social studies resource guide with core curriculum. Albany: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • New Yorks State Education Department. (2014). New York state common core grades 9-12 social studies framework. Albany: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newmann, F. M. (1988). Can depth replace coverage in the high school curriculum? Phi Delta Kappan, 69, 345–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newmann, F. M. (1991). Classroom thoughtfulness and students’ higher order thinking: Common indicators and diverse social studies courses. Theory and Research in Social Education, 19, 410–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newmann, F. M., & Associates. (1996). Authentic achievement: Restructuring schools for intellectual quality. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nokes, J. D. (2013). Building students’ historical literacies: learning to read and reason with historical texts and evidence. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paxton, R. J. (1999). A deafening silence: History textbooks and the students who read them. Review of Educational Research, 69, 315–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reich, G. A. (2009). Testing historical knowledge: Standards, multiple-choice questions and student reasoning. Theory and Research in Social Education, 37(3), 298–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, J. A., & Pace, C. M. (1998). Issues-centered instruction with low achieving high school students: The dilemmas of two teachers. Theory and Research in Social Education, 26, 380–409. doi:10.1080/00933104.1998.10505856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, Beth. (2012). Making citizens. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rugg, H. (1923). Problems of contemporary life as the basis for curriculum making in the social studies. In H. O. Rugg (Ed.), The Social Studies in elementary and secondary school (pp. 260–273). 22nd Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Part II. Bloomington, IL: Public School.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saye, J. W., & Brush, T. (2006). Comparing teachers’ strategies for supporting student inquiry in a problem-based multimedia-enhanced learning environment. Theory and Research in Social Education, 34, 183–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saye, J., & The Social Studies Inquiry Research Collaborative (SSIRC). (2013). Authentic pedagogy: Its presence in social studies classrooms and relationship to student performance on state-mandated tests. Theory and Research in Social Education, 41(1), 1–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schug, M. C., et al. (1982). Why Kids Don’t Like Social Studies. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council for the Social Studies, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shulman, L. S. (2005). Signature pedagogies in the professions. Daedalus, 134(3), 52–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanford Center for Assessment, Learning & Equity (SCALE). (2014). edTPA Secondary History/Social Studies Assessment Handbook. Palo Alto: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, S. J. (2008). Continuity and change in social studies curriculum. In L. Levstik & C. Tyson (Eds.), Handbook of research in social studies education (pp. 15–32). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turk, D., Mattson, R., Epstein, T., & Cohen, R. (2010). Teaching U.S. History: Dialogues among Social Studies Teachers and Historians. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, R. W. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • VanSledright, B. (2008). Narratives of nation-state, historical knowledge and school history education. Review of Research in Education, 32(1), 109–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • VanSledright, B. (2010). The challenge of rethinking history education. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • VanSledright, B. (2013). Assessing historical thinking and understanding. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by design, expanded (2nd ed.). Alexandria: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wineburg, S. (2004). Crazy for history. The Journal of American History, 90(4), 1401–1414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wineburg, S. (2005). What does NCATE have to say to future history teachers? Phi Delta Kappan, 70(9), 658–665.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wineburg, S., & Wilson, S. (1993). Wrinkles in time and place: Using performance assessments to understand the knowledge of history teachers. American Educational Research Journal, 30(4), 729–769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wineburg, S., Martin, D., & Monte-Sano, C. (2013). Reading like a historian. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeichner, K. (1999). The new scholarship in teacher education. Educational Researcher, 28(9), 4–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zevin, J. (2007). Social studies for the twenty-first century: Methods and materials for teaching in middle and secondary schools (3rd ed.). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zevin, J., & Gerwin, D. (2010). Teaching world history as mystery. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Theresa J. Gurl .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gurl, T.J., Caraballo, L., Grey, L., Gunn, J.H., Gerwin, D., Bembenutty, H. (2016). Professionalization, Policy, Performance Assessment, and Privatization in Social Studies. In: Policy, Professionalization, Privatization, and Performance Assessment. SpringerBriefs in Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29146-8_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29146-8_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29144-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29146-8

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics