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Myeloid Sarcoma

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Pathology

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Pathology ((EP))

  • 158 Accesses

Synonyms

In the old literature, the condition was frequently termed “chloroma,” “extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia,” “extramedullary myeloid tumor,” or “granulocytic sarcoma.” All these items refer to the histogenesis of the tumor except the one “chloroma” that points to the green color on gross examination produced by myeloperoxidase (MPO) oxidation.

Definition

According to the Revised fourth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (Swerdlow et al. 2017), myeloid sarcoma (MS) (ICD-O code 9930/3) is “a tumour mass consisting of myeloblasts, monoblasts or haematopoietic precursors occurring at an anatomical site other than the bone marrow.”

Clinical Features

  • Incidence

    Although it has been the object of more than 2,500 case reports quoted in PubMed, only a few comprehensive studies are actually available (Neiman et al. 1981; Traweek et al. 1993; Roth et al. 1995; Pileri et al. 2007; Alexiev et al. 2007; Bakst et al. 2011; Yilmaz et al. 2013;...

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References and Further Reading

  • Alexiev, B. A., Wang, W., Ning, Y., et al. (2007). Myeloid sarcomas: A histologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic study. Diagnostic Pathology, 2, 42.

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  • Ansari-Lari, M. A., Yang, C. F., Tinawi-Aljundi, R., et al. (2004). FLT3 mutations in myeloid sarcoma. British Journal Haematology, 126, 785–791.

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  • Bakst, R. L., Tallman, M. S., Douer, D., et al. (2011). How I treat extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia. Blood, 118, 3785–3793.

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  • Byrd, J. C., Edenfield, W. J., Shields, D. J., & Dawson, N. A. (1995). Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: A clinical review. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 13, 1800–1816.

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  • Campidelli, C., Agostinelli, C., Stitson, R., & Pileri, S. A. (2009). Myeloid sarcoma: Extramedullary manifestation of myeloid disorders. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 132, 426–437.

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  • Chevallier, P., Mohty, M., Lioure, B., et al. (2008). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for myeloid sarcoma: A retrospective study from the SFGM-TC. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26, 4940–4943.

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  • Clark, W. B., Strickland, S. A., Barrett, A. J., & Savani, B. N. (2010). Extramedullary relapses after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Haematologica, 95, 860–863.

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  • Falini, B., Lenze, D., Hasserjian, R., et al. (2007). Cytoplasmic mutated nucleophosmin (NPM) defines the molecular status of a significant fraction of myeloid sarcomas. Leukemia, 21, 1566–1570.

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  • Kawamoto K, Miyoshi H, Yoshida N, et al. (2016) Clinicopathological, Cytogenetic, and Prognostic Analysis of 131 Myeloid Sarcoma Patients. American Journal of Sargical Pathology, 40, 1473-1483.

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  • Lazzarotto, D., Candoni, A., Fili, C., et al. (2017) Clinical outcome of myeloid sarcoma in adult patients and effect of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Results from a multicenter survey. Leukemia Research, 53, 74-81.

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  • Movassaghian, M., Brunner, A. M., Blomquist, T. M., et al. (2015). Presentation and outcome among patients with isolated myeloid sarcoma: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database analysis. Leukemia and Lymphoma, 56:1688-1703.

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  • Neiman, R. S., Barcos, M., Berard, C., et al. (1981). Granulocytic sarcoma: A clinicopathologic study of 61 biopsied cases. Cancer, 48, 1426–1437.

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  • Pileri, S. A., Ascani, S., Cox, M. C., et al. (2007). Myeloid sarcoma: Clinico-pathologic, phenotypic and cytogenetic analysis of 92 adult patients. Leukemia, 21, 340–350.

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  • Roth, M. J., Medeiros, L. J., Elenitoba-Johnson, K., et al. (1995). Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors. An immunohistochemical study of 29 cases using routinely fixed and processed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Archive Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 119, 790–798.

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  • Srinivas, U., Barwad, A., & Pubbaraju, S. V. (2014). Complete response of monoblastic myeloid sarcoma with FI1L1-PDGFRA rearrangement to Imatinib monotherapy. British Journal of Haematology, 165, 583.

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  • Swerdlow, S.H., Campo, E., Harris, N.L., Jaffe, E.S., Pileri, S.A., Stein, H., & Thiele, J. (Eds.) (2017). Revised 4th edition of the WHO Classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: IARC Press.

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  • Traweek, S. T., Arber, D. A., Rappaport, H., & Brynes, R. K. (1993). Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors. An immunohistochemical and morphologic study of 28 cases. American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 17, 1011–1019.

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  • Yilmaz, A. F., Saydam, G., Sahin, F., & Baran, Y. (2013). Granulocytic sarcoma: A systematic review. American Journal of Blood Research, 3, 265–270.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Haematopathology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Bologna University School of Medicine, Milan, Italy

    Stefano A. Pileri

  2. Institute of Haematology, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy

    Brunangelo Falini

  3. Division of Haematopathology, Well Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Attilio Orazi

Authors
  1. Stefano A. Pileri
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  2. Brunangelo Falini
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  3. Attilio Orazi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefano A. Pileri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. NIJMEGEN, The Netherlands

    J.H.J.M. van Krieken

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Pileri, S.A., Falini, B., Orazi, A. (2018). Myeloid Sarcoma. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_3874-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_3874-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1

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