Abstract
eHealth development requires a fundamental rethinking, on the basis of a patient-centred strategy, defining objectives and expected impacts and deployed following validated clinical evidence.
The opinions expressed by the author in this publication in no way commit his employer, the European Court of Auditors.
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Notes
- 1.
See Piette JD, Lun KC, Moura LA, Fraser HSF, Mechael PN, Powell J et al., Impacts of e-health on the outcomes of care in low- and middle-income countries: where do we go from here?, Bull World Health Organ 2012, 90:365–372. See also Black AD., Car J., Pagliari C, Anandan C, Cresswell K, Bokun T et al., The impact of eHealth on the quality and safety of health care: a systematic overview, PLoS Med 2011, 8:e1000387; van Gemert-Pijnen JEWC, Wynchank S, Covvey HD, Ossebaard HC, Improving the credibility of electronic health technologies, Bull World Health Organ 2012, 90:323–323A; Hoerbst A, Hackl WO, Blomer R, Ammenwerth E. The status of IT service management in health care – ITIL(R) in selected European countries. BMC medical informatics and decision making. 2011;11:76. PubMed PMID: 22189035. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3276449.
- 2.
The estimated value of the ICT systems market in the health field is about €60 billion, of which one third in Europe.
- 3.
RodrÃguez, C and Pozzebon, M, A Paradoxical World: Exploring the Discursive Construction of Collaboration in a Competitive Institutional Context. In 11th APROS Colloquium (4–7 December 2005), Melbourne, 2006: 306–320. Cited by Greenhalgh T et al., Adoption and non-adoption of a shared electronic summary record in England: a mixed-method case study, BMJ 2010;340:c3111.
- 4.
OECD Internet Economy Outlook 2012, p. 201.
- 5.
The right to protection of personal data is explicitly recognised by EU law. It is based on the principle that the use of personal data shall be subject to the consent of the person concerned.
- 6.
OECD Internet Economy Outlook 2012, p. 15, 210. For example, in Italy, where the management of healthcare is a competence of the regions, eHealth development has been started in any order, in the absence of Health Ministry’s guidelines. This has required a process of ex post adjustment for the regions having already put in place eHealth applications.
- 7.
van Gemert-Pijnen JEWC et al., op. cit.
- 8.
Lorenzi NM, Riley RT. Managing change: an overview, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association Volume 7, Number 2, Mar/Apr 2000, p. 116.
- 9.
Constantinides, P, Barrett, M. Large-Scale ICT Innovation, Power and Organizational Change: The Case of a Regional Health Information Network, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 2006; Vol. 42 No. 1, March 2006, p. 89.
- 10.
See Articles 6, 9 and 168 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
- 11.
Rosenkötter N, Clemens T, Sørensen K, Brand H, Twentieth anniversary of the European Union health mandate: taking stock of perceived achievements, failures and missed opportunities – a qualitative study, BMC Public Health 2013, 13:1074.
- 12.
European Court of Auditors. The European Union’s Public Health Programme (2003–2007): An effective way to improve health?, Special Report No 2//2009. Luxembourg, 2009.
- 13.
European Commission, Mid-term evaluation of the Health Programme 2008–2013, SWD (2012) 83 final, Brussels, 29.3.2012, p. 13–14.
- 14.
Rosenkötter N, Clemens T, Sørensen K, Brand H, op. cit., note the need for strong partnerships to counter strong industrial lobbying groups. They refer to analyses made by Greer SL, Hervey TK, Mackenbach JP, McKee M. Health law and policy in the European union. Lancet. 2013; 381(9872):1135–1144; Buchner B. Nutrition, obesity and EU health policy. Eur J Health Law. 2011; 18(1):1–8; McKee M. A European alcohol strategy. BMJ. 2006; 333(7574):871–872.
- 15.
van Gemert-Pijnen JEWC et al., op. cit.
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Cipriani, G. (2017). Clinical Information in Use: Problems, Outcomes and Challenges from Experience. In: Rinaldi, G. (eds) New Perspectives in Medical Records. TELe-Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28661-7_10
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