Skip to main content

Opportunistic Routing with Virtual Coordinates to Handle Communication Voids in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Advances in Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 425))

Abstract

Communication voids or the unreachability problem has been one of the major issues in mobile ad hoc networks. With highly mobile and unreliable nodes, they can occur very often and may lead to loss of data packets in the network. Most of the existing methods that are available to handle this issue try to find out a route around the communication void. Due to this the data packets may have to travel more number of hops in reaching the destination and thus causing more delay in data delivery in the network. Such techniques do not allow us to fully utilize the advantages brought by geographic routing and opportunistic forwarding. In this paper we propose a method, Opportunistic Routing with Virtual Coordinates (ORVC) that would improve the potential forwarding area for a packet by sending the packets to multiple locations near the destination. The analysis and simulations show that using this method a data packet takes less number of hops to reach the destination compared to the existing methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Biswas, S., Morris, R.: ExOR: opportunistic multi-hop routing for wireless networks. In: Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, pp. 133–144 (2005). doi:10.1145/1080091.1080108

  2. Chachulski, S., Jennings, M., Katti, S., Katabi, D.: Trading structure for randomness in wireless opportunistic routing. In: Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, pp. 169–180 (2007). doi:10.1145/1282380.1282400

  3. Chen, D., Varshney, P.: A survey of void handling techniques for geographic routing in wireless networks. IEEE Comm. Surveys and Tutorials 9(1), 50–67 (2007). doi:10.1109/comst.2007.358971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Chen, D., Varshney, P.K.: On demand geographic forwarding for data delivery in wireless sensor networks. Elsevier Computer Commun. J., special issue on Network Coverage and Routing Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks, 2954–2967 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2007.05.022

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chlamtac, I., Conti, M., Liu, J.N.: Mobile ad hoc networking: imperatives and challenges. Ad hoc Networks 1(1), 13–64 (2003). doi:10.1016/s1570-8705(03)00013-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Das, S., Pucha, H., Hu, Y.: Performance comparison of scalable location services for geographic ad hoc routing. In: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, vol. 2, pp. 1228–1239 (2005). doi:10.1109/infcom.2005.1498349

  7. Chen, D., Deng, J., Varshney, P.: Selection of a forwarding area for contention-based geographic forwarding in wireless multi-hop networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 56(5), 3111–3122 (2007). doi:10.1109/tvt.2007.900371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chen, D., Varshney, P.K.: Geographic routing in wireless ad hoc networks. In: Part Of Series Computer Communications And Networks in Guide to Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, pp. 151–188. Springer (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hsiao, P.: Geographical region summary service for geographical routing. ACM MC2R 5(4), 25–39 (2002). doi:10.1145/509506.509515

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ivanov, S., Herms, A., Lukas, G.: Experimental validation of the ns-2 wireless model using simulation, emulation, and real network. In: 2007 ITG-GI Conference on Communication in Distributed Systems (KiVS), pp. 1–12 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Johnson, D.B., Maltz, D.A., Broch, J.: DSR: the dynamic source routing protocol for multihop wireless ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networking (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Karp, B.: Challenges in geographic routing: sparse networks, obstacles, and traffic provisioning. In: The DIMACS Workshop on Pervasive Networking, Piscataway, NJ (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Karp, B., Kung, H.T.: GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In: Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp. 243–254 (2000). doi:10.1145/345910.345953

  14. Kim, Y., Lee, J., Helmy, A.: Impact of location inconsistencies on geographic routing in wireless networks. In: Proc. ACM MSWIM 2003, pp. 124–127 (2003). doi:10.1145/940991.941013

  15. Li, M., Lee, W.C., Sivasubramaniam, A.: Efficient peer-to-peer information sharing over mobile ad hoc networks. In: MobEA 2004 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mauve, M., Widmer, A., Hartenstein, H.: A survey on position-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Network 15(6), 30–39 (2001). doi:10.1109/65.967595

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Nikolov, M., Haas, Z.J.: Towards optimal broadcastin wireless networks. IEEE Transactions On Mobile Computing 14(7), 1530–1544 (2015). doi:10.1109/TMC.2014.2356466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Xiao, M., Jie, W., Huang, L.: Community-aware opportunistic routing in mobile social networks. IEEE Transactions on Computers 63(7), 1682–1695 (2014). doi:10.1109/TC.2013.55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Perkins, C.E., Bhagwat, P.: Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers. In: Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, pp. 234–235 (1994). doi:10.1145/190314.190336

  20. Perkins, C.E., Royer, E.M.: Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing. In: Proc. of the 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, pp. 90–100 (1999). doi:10.1109/MCSA.1999.749281

  21. Rozner, E., Seshadri, J., Mehta, Y., Qiu, L.: SOAR: simple opportunistic adaptive routing protocol for wireless mesh networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 8(12), 1622–1635 (2009). doi:10.1109/tmc.2009.82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Yang, S., Yeo, C.K., Lee, B.S.: Towards reliable data delivery for highly dynamic mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 11(1), 111–124 (2012). doi:10.1109/tmc.2011.55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Son, D., Helmy, A., Krishnamachari, B.: The effect of mobility induced location errors on geographic routing in mobile ad hoc sensor networks: analysis and improvement using mobility prediction. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 3(3), 233–245 (2004). doi:10.1109/tmc.2004.28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Menon, V.G., Joe Prathap, P.M.: Performance of various routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks-a survey. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 6(22), 4181–4185 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Menon, V., Joe Prathap, P.M.: Performance analysis of geographic routing protocols in highly mobile ad hoc network. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 54(1), 127–133 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Park, V.D., Scott Corson, M.: Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) version 4: Functional specification. Internet-Draft, draft-ietfmanet-TORA-spec- 04.txt (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Park, V.D., Scott Corson, M.: A performance comparison of TORA and ideal link State routing. In: Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communication, pp. 592–598 (1998). doi:10.1109/ISCC.1998.702600

  28. Shin, W.-Y., Chung, S.-Y., Lee, Y.H.: Parallel opportunistic routing in wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 59(10), 6290–6300 (2013). doi:10.1109/tit.2013.2272884

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Xue, Y., Li, B., Nahrstedt, K.: A scalable location management scheme in mobile ad-hoc networks. In: Proc. of IEEE, LCN, pp. 102–111 (2001). doi:10.1109/lcn.2001.990775

  30. Yoon, J., Liu, M., Noble, B.: Random waypoint considered harmful. In: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 1312–1321 (2003). doi:10.1109/infcom.2003.1208967

  31. Yuan, Y., Yuan, H., Wong, S.H., Lu, S., Arbaugh, W.: ROMER: resilient opportunistic mesh routing for wireless mesh networks. In: Proc. of IEEE WiMESH (2005)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Varun G. Menon .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Menon, V.G., Joe Prathap, P.M. (2016). Opportunistic Routing with Virtual Coordinates to Handle Communication Voids in Mobile Ad hoc Networks. In: Thampi, S., Bandyopadhyay, S., Krishnan, S., Li, KC., Mosin, S., Ma, M. (eds) Advances in Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 425. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28658-7_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28658-7_28

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28656-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28658-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics