Synonyms
Allergic rhinosinusitis
Definition
Allergic rhinitis is a non-neoplastic inflammatory condition characterized by clinical symptoms such as congestion, clear rhinorrhea, and sneezing. Numerous eosinophils in smears of nasal secretion are seen.
Coexistence of clinical (nasal symptoms) with exposure to a particular antigen(s) is obligate for diagnosis.
Clinical Features
Incidence
The incidence of this most common form of atopic disease ranges from 3 % to 19 % in various countries. In 30 % of patients, parent history of atopic disease is present; 20–40 % patients with allergic rhinitis present coexisting asthma. The disease might be familial. It is estimated that 40 % of all children may experience allergic rhinitis, including 20 % in their 2nd year. Allergic rhinitis is a heterogeneous disorder that comprises seasonal and the more difficult diagnostic category, perennial subtype found in approximately 10 % of the general population and PAR in 10–20 %.
Age
The age range is wide.
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References and Further Reading
Bachert, C., Hormann, K., Mosges, R., et al. (2003). An update on the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis and nasal polyposis. Allergy, 58, 176–191.
Kaiko, G. E., Horvat, J. C., Beagley, K. W., & Hansbro, P. M. (2008). Immunological decision-making: How does the immune system decide to mount a helper T-cell response? Immunology, 123, 326–338.
Kim, H., Bouchard, J., & Renzix, P. M. (2008). The link between allergic rhinitis and asthma: A role for antileukotrienes? Canadian Respiratory Journal, 15(2), 91–98.
Skoner, D. P. (2001). Allergic rhinitis: Definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 108(1 Suppl), S2–S8.
van Cauwenberge, P., Bachert, C., Passalacqua, G., et al. (2000). Consensus statement on the treatment of allergic rhinitis. European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Allergy, 55, 116–134.
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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
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Kobos, J.W. (2016). Rhinitis, Allergic. In: Volavšek, M. (eds) Head and Neck Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28618-1_1734
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28618-1_1734
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