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Oral and Maxillo-Facial

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Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient

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Abstract

Regenerative medicine and dentistry are two rapidly growing fields of research with important clinical implications. Recent advances in cell biology, biotechnology, material science and tissue transplantation have been translated into new approaches to clinical repair and replacement of tissues and organs. In dentistry, a number of regenerative therapies and materials have been in clinical use for many years, to repair small and large defects involving multiple tissue types. Currently, various strategies are applied to stimulate healing of bone defects and to restore lost maxillofacial bone and periodontal support following traumatic insult, tumor ablation, disease or congenital deformities.

Bone tissue engineering is an emerging field using bone-forming cells seeded onto synthetic scaffolds to form hybrid constructs that can be used to regenerate tissues. There are numerous published case reports of the application of bone tissue engineering for oral and maxillofacial surgical reconstruction, periodontal tissue regeneration and sinus floor augmentation.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are currently the cells of choice for bone tissue engineering and can be isolated from many different tissues such as bone marrow, periosteum, and trabecular bone as well as from muscle, adipose tissue and synovial membrane. MSC have also been found among the cells derived from human umbilical cord: in vivo, these cells have demonstrated that they are capable of osteogenic differentiation, leading to bone formation and in vitro have shown adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. Further, MSC have been identified in periodontal ligament, deciduous and permanent molar teeth. Recent research has shown that these cells have promising regenerative potential. Thus stem cell-based bone tissue engineering is a promising concept for reconstruction/ regeneration of craniofacial defects but much work remains before this approach becomes a routine part of clinical practice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Dentistry-Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, PoB 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway

    Kristina Arvidson DDS, Ph.D., Sølve Hellem DDS, Ph.D. & Kamal Mustafa DDS, Ph.D.

  2. Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas, USA

    Michele Cottler-Fox MD

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  1. Kristina Arvidson DDS, Ph.D.
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  2. Michele Cottler-Fox MD
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  3. Sølve Hellem DDS, Ph.D.
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  4. Kamal Mustafa DDS, Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Kamal Mustafa DDS, Ph.D. .

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  1. KIlinik und Poliklinik für Herzchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpomm., Germany

    Gustav Steinhoff

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Arvidson, K., Cottler-Fox, M., Hellem, S., Mustafa, K. (2016). Oral and Maxillo-Facial. In: Steinhoff, G. (eds) Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28293-0_12

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