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Malignant and Benign Extramedullary Tumor-Forming Myeloid Proliferations

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Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract

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Abstract

Myeloid neoplasms can form extramedullary myeloid tumors or masses, also in the hepatobiliary tract. Granulocytic sarcoma (extramedullary myeloid tumor (EMMT)) is an uncommon extramedullary manifestation of myelogenous leukemias and other forms of myeloproliferation. The gastrointestinal tract is rarely involved, and most patients are under 18 years of age. EMMT is mainly associated with acute myeloid leukemia, the blastic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia, and several types of myeloproliferative syndromes. In the liver, EMMT produces solitary nodular masses or, less commonly, multiple nodular lesions. In tumors composed of neoplastic cells rich in myeloperoxidase, the nodules have a greenish color (chloroma). Histologically, the tumors are composed of a mixture of myeloid cells with diverse degrees of differentiation, including lesions that consist of myeloid blasts. EMMT can also present as neoplasms with predominance of eosinophilic precursors or megakaryoblasts/megakaryocytes. EMMT has to be distinguished from benign extramedullary myeloid proliferations (BEMMPs) that also occur in the hepatobiliary tract. These reactive lesions can grow to important size (tumefactive BEMMP). Rare BEMMPs are characterized by a prominent fibrous matrix (sclerosing variants).

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  1. University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Arthur Zimmermann

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  1. Arthur Zimmermann
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Zimmermann, A. (2017). Malignant and Benign Extramedullary Tumor-Forming Myeloid Proliferations. In: Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26956-6_86

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26956-6_86

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