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Human Rights and Other Principles

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Abstract

This chapter analyses the human right jurisdiction of the Community Court of ECOWAS, human right law and cases under the ECOWAS legal regime. It also exposes other connected or supportive legal principles which the Court has either adopted or developed in the course of its human right peregrination. The chapter begins with an introduction aimed at distinguishing human rights from Community rights and ends with a brief conclusion, which also captures the procedure for execution of human right judgments and its challenges.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Article 3 Revised Treaty 1993.

  2. 2.

    Articles 9 and 10 Protocol relating to the Community Court 1991 as amended in 2005.

  3. 3.

    Costa v Enel 1964, p. 593.

  4. 4.

    Pinheiro v Republic of Ghana 2012, p. 9.

  5. 5.

    Falana v Republic of Benin 2012, p. 17.

  6. 6.

    The Chambers Dictionary 2006, p. 725.

  7. 7.

    Law and Martin (2009), p. 481.

  8. 8.

    Garner (2004), p. 1347.

  9. 9.

    Doherty (2004), p. 378.

  10. 10.

    Doherty (2004), p. 378.

  11. 11.

    Ibid., pp. 382 and 383.

  12. 12.

    Curzon (1995), p. 235.

  13. 13.

    Garner (2004), p. 758.

  14. 14.

    Law and Martin (2009), p. 269.

  15. 15.

    Ibid.

  16. 16.

    Garner (2004), p. 697.

  17. 17.

    Ibid., p. 1055.

  18. 18.

    Article 4(g) Revised Treaty, but the Court can have regard to other international instruments on human right, eg., Universal Declaration on Human Rights 1948; see also Art 1(h) Protocol on Democracy and Good Governance.

  19. 19.

    The News (2015), CDP v Burkina Faso.

  20. 20.

    African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.

  21. 21.

    1993, p. 82.

  22. 22.

    Ibid.

  23. 23.

    Koraou v Republic of Niger, p. 244.

  24. 24.

    Ibid.

  25. 25.

    African Charter; see Maneh v The Republic of Gambia 2008, p. 184.

  26. 26.

    Maimuna Abdulmuminu v Federal Republic of Nigeria & 2 Ors 2014.

  27. 27.

    Karaou v Niger 2008, p. 244.

  28. 28.

    Ibid.

  29. 29.

    Musa Saidykhan v The Republic of the GambIa 2010, pp. 14–15.

  30. 30.

    Cf. Amouzou Henri & ors v Cote d’Ivoire 2009, p. 303.

  31. 31.

    Ibid.

  32. 32.

    African Charter 7 (i) (a)–(B).

  33. 33.

    Ibid., (2).

  34. 34.

    Unique Rights recognized, created by or protected in Community instruments.

  35. 35.

    African Charter; Falana v Benin 2010, p. 114.

  36. 36.

    Falana v The Republic of Benin 2012, p. 17.

  37. 37.

    Ibid.

  38. 38.

    Article 12(2)–(5.) African Charter.

  39. 39.

    Ibid., Article 14; see also Chukwudolue v Senegal 2007, p. 157.

  40. 40.

    Ibid., Article 15; see Essien v Gambia 2007, p. 113.

  41. 41.

    Article 16 (1) African Charter.

  42. 42.

    Ibid., (2).

  43. 43.

    Ibid.

  44. 44.

    African Charter.

  45. 45.

    Ibid., Article 17 (1).

  46. 46.

    Ibid., (2).

  47. 47.

    Article 18 (1) African Charter.

  48. 48.

    Article 19 African Charter

  49. 49.

    Article 20(1)–(3) African Charter.

  50. 50.

    Brownlie (2003), p. 553.

  51. 51.

    Law and Martin (2009), p. 500.

  52. 52.

    Article 2(1) African Charter.

  53. 53.

    Ibid., (2).

  54. 54.

    Ibid., (3).

  55. 55.

    Law and Martin (2009), p. 108.

  56. 56.

    See the Moon Treaty of 1979.

  57. 57.

    Amended in 2005.

  58. 58.

    Art 9 Protocol on the Community Court.

  59. 59.

    Ibid.

  60. 60.

    2004, p. 1.

  61. 61.

    Supra p. 5.

  62. 62.

    See Defrenne v Sabena 1976, pp. 475–476.

  63. 63.

    Art 9(4) Protocol as amended by Supplementary Protocol A/SP.1/1/05.

  64. 64.

    Protocol as amended.

  65. 65.

    Ibid.

  66. 66.

    Linas International Nig Ltd v Ambassadors of Mali & ors 2009, p. 271 at 280, para 24.

  67. 67.

    Falana v Republic of Benin 2012, p. 17.

  68. 68.

    Pinheiro v Republic of Ghana 2012, p. 9.

  69. 69.

    Pinheiro v Republic of Ghana, p. 9.

  70. 70.

    Supra p. 217 at 244, para 2.

  71. 71.

    Koraou 2008, pp. 242–244.

  72. 72.

    2005.

  73. 73.

    Koraou 2008, p. 229, para 49.

  74. 74.

    1991.

  75. 75.

    Afolabi v Nigeria 2004, p. 1.

  76. 76.

    Ibid., p. 16, para 61.

  77. 77.

    2010, p. 114.

  78. 78.

    Falana v Republic of Benin 2012, p. 14.

  79. 79.

    200, p. 181.

  80. 80.

    Maneh 2008, p. 198.

  81. 81.

    Tidjani v Nigeria & ors 2007, p. 77.

  82. 82.

    Tidjani supra p. 92, para 45.

  83. 83.

    2009, p. 245.

  84. 84.

    Djot Bayi supra p. 263, para 35.

  85. 85.

    Ibid., p. 264, para 35.

  86. 86.

    Supra.

  87. 87.

    2007, P 113.

  88. 88.

    Professor Essien 2007, p. 128, para 37.

  89. 89.

    National Co-ordinating Group of Departmental Representatives of the Cocoa-coffee Sector v Republic of Cote d’Ivoire 2009, p. 311 at 326, paras 48–50.

  90. 90.

    2007, p. 151.

  91. 91.

    Chukwudolue 2007, p. 165, paras 65–66.

  92. 92.

    (2004–2009) CCJELR, p. 131 at 150, para 32.

  93. 93.

    Ukor v Laleye 2005, p. 147, para 28.

  94. 94.

    Supra.

  95. 95.

    Djot Bayi Talbia 2009, p. 265, para 40.

  96. 96.

    Supra.

  97. 97.

    Ibid., p. 301, para 78.

  98. 98.

    Karaou 2008, p. 244, para 2.

  99. 99.

    Registered Trustees of the Socio-Economic Rights & Accountability Project V Federal Republic of Nigeria & anor.

  100. 100.

    Ibid.

  101. 101.

    2012, p. 27.

  102. 102.

    Murphy (2007), p. 604.

  103. 103.

    Ibid., p. 614.

  104. 104.

    Koraou case.

  105. 105.

    Koraou 2008, p. 239, para 83.

  106. 106.

    African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.

  107. 107.

    Koraou supra p. 228.

  108. 108.

    Ibid. p, 226, para 36.

  109. 109.

    2010, p. 112, para 34.

  110. 110.

    Djot Bayi Talbia supra p. 267.

  111. 111.

    1991 as amended by Supplementary Protocol (A/SP.1/01/05).

  112. 112.

    Djot Bayi, Talbia supra p. 267, para 45.

  113. 113.

    Sa Adatu Umar v Fed Republic of Nigeria 2012.

  114. 114.

    Ibid.

  115. 115.

    Article 24(1) Protocol relating to the Community Court of Justice as amended.

  116. 116.

    Ibid., (2).

  117. 117.

    Ibid., (3).

  118. 118.

    Article 22(3) Protocol Relating to the Community Court.

  119. 119.

    Final Report on Enforcement of Decisions of Community Court of Justice 2014, pp. 5–9.

  120. 120.

    Mme Aziblevi Yovo and 31 others v. Togo Telecom Society and Republic of Togo 2012.

  121. 121.

    European Community Court Acts 1972.

  122. 122.

    Article 24(4) Protocol Relating to the Community Court as amended.

  123. 123.

    Final Report 2014.

References

Laws

  • African Charter on Human and People’s Right 1981

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  • African Charter on Human and People’s Right (Ratification and Enforcement) Act Cap 49 LFN 2004

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  • European Community Act 1972 (UK)

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  • Moon Treaty of 1979

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  • Protocol A/P1/7/91 Relating to the Community Court of Justice

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  • Revised Treaty of the Economic Community of West African States 1993

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  • Supplementary Protocol A/SP.1/1/05 Amending Protocol A/P1/7/91 Relating to the Community Court of Justice

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  • Universal Declaration on Human Right 1948

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Cases

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Maxlaw Consulting, London, UK

    Jerry Ukaigwe (Director, Former Lecturer)

  2. School of Law, Zenith University College, Accra, Ghana

    Jerry Ukaigwe (Director, Former Lecturer)

Authors
  1. Jerry Ukaigwe
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Ukaigwe, J. (2016). Human Rights and Other Principles. In: ECOWAS Law. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8_5

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